Misc backend performance improvements (#23244)

* Add additional indicies on event and review tables.  Every events or timeline endpoint filters on event start time and camera, this should speed things up by avoiding a range scan on the table.

* Rewrite to use a CTE to leverage speedups by using sqllite internal optimization to do a single query instead of a starter query to get distinct labels and a subsequent loop of querys per distinct event labels.

Frigate is currently shipping sqlite 3.46.1, which is above the minimum version 3.25 needed for CTEs.

* Collapse a few sequential queries into a single one.

* Use peewee instead of rw sql for the CTE query.

* Slightly simplify review logic and avoid duplicating the json response for empty review IDs.

* Rerun ruff formatting.

* Remove 2x unnecessary index on reviewsegment, remove reference to prior code implementation in comment in event.py

* Editor fail, re-ruff format.

* Remove the CTE and restore the generator with sub-queries, which is more performance (thanks Nick and Blake for testing against your larger DB!)

* Update peewee index migration description

* Add on_conflict_ignore, replacing the try/catch/pass on IntegrityError

* Add a testcase for validating that on_conflict_ignore bypasses what was formerly an IntegrityError

* Change testcase to clarify that it covers the peewee behavior of on_conflict_ignore

---------

Co-authored-by: Greg <{ID}+{username}@users.noreply.github.com>

frigate/api/event.py

@@ -386,7 +386,9 @@ def events_explore(
     limit: int = 10,
     allowed_cameras: list[str] = Depends(get_allowed_cameras_for_filter),
 ):
-    # get distinct labels for all events
+    if not allowed_cameras:
+        return JSONResponse(content=[])
+
     distinct_labels = (
         Event.select(Event.label)
         .where(Event.camera << allowed_cameras)
@@ -396,13 +398,31 @@ def events_explore(
 
     label_counts = {}
 
+    explore_columns = (
+        Event.id,
+        Event.camera,
+        Event.label,
+        Event.sub_label,
+        Event.zones,
+        Event.start_time,
+        Event.end_time,
+        Event.has_clip,
+        Event.has_snapshot,
+        Event.plus_id,
+        Event.retain_indefinitely,
+        Event.top_score,
+        Event.false_positive,
+        Event.box,
+        Event.data,
+    )
+
     def event_generator():
         for label_obj in distinct_labels.iterator():
             label = label_obj.label
 
             # get most recent events for this label
             label_events = (
-                Event.select()
+                Event.select(*explore_columns)
                 .where((Event.label == label) & (Event.camera << allowed_cameras))
                 .order_by(Event.start_time.desc())
                 .limit(limit)
@@ -484,22 +504,18 @@ async def event_ids(ids: str, request: Request):
             status_code=400,
         )
 
-    for event_id in ids:
-        try:
-            event = Event.get(Event.id == event_id)
-            await require_camera_access(event.camera, request=request)
-        except DoesNotExist:
-            # we should not fail the entire request if an event is not found
-            continue
-
     try:
-        events = Event.select().where(Event.id << ids).dicts().iterator()
-        return JSONResponse(list(events))
+        events = list(Event.select().where(Event.id << ids).dicts().iterator())
     except Exception:
         return JSONResponse(
             content=({"success": False, "message": "Events not found"}), status_code=400
         )
 
+    for event in events:
+        await require_camera_access(event["camera"], request=request)
+
+    return JSONResponse(events)
+
 
 @router.get(
     "/events/search",

frigate/api/review.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import pandas as pd
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Request
 from fastapi.params import Depends
 from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
-from peewee import Case, DoesNotExist, IntegrityError, fn, operator
+from peewee import Case, DoesNotExist, fn, operator
 from playhouse.shortcuts import model_to_dict
 
 from frigate.api.auth import (
@@ -173,11 +173,19 @@ async def review_ids(request: Request, ids: str):
             status_code=400,
         )
 
+    try:
+        reviews = list(
+            ReviewSegment.select().where(ReviewSegment.id << ids).dicts().iterator()
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        return JSONResponse(
+            content=({"success": False, "message": "Review segments not found"}),
+            status_code=400,
+        )
+
+    found_ids = {r["id"] for r in reviews}
     for review_id in ids:
-        try:
-            review = ReviewSegment.get(ReviewSegment.id == review_id)
-            await require_camera_access(review.camera, request=request)
-        except DoesNotExist:
+        if review_id not in found_ids:
             return JSONResponse(
                 content=(
                     {"success": False, "message": f"Review {review_id} not found"}
@@ -185,16 +193,10 @@ async def review_ids(request: Request, ids: str):
                 status_code=404,
             )
 
-    try:
-        reviews = (
-            ReviewSegment.select().where(ReviewSegment.id << ids).dicts().iterator()
-        )
-        return JSONResponse(list(reviews))
-    except Exception:
-        return JSONResponse(
-            content=({"success": False, "message": "Review segments not found"}),
-            status_code=400,
-        )
+    for review in reviews:
+        await require_camera_access(review["camera"], request=request)
+
+    return JSONResponse(reviews)
 
 
 @router.get(
@@ -491,27 +493,52 @@ async def set_multiple_reviewed(
 
     user_id = current_user["username"]
 
-    for review_id in body.ids:
-        try:
-            review = ReviewSegment.get(ReviewSegment.id == review_id)
-            await require_camera_access(review.camera, request=request)
-            review_status = UserReviewStatus.get(
-                UserReviewStatus.user_id == user_id,
-                UserReviewStatus.review_segment == review_id,
+    reviews = list(
+        ReviewSegment.select(ReviewSegment.id, ReviewSegment.camera).where(
+            ReviewSegment.id << body.ids
+        )
+    )
+
+    for review in reviews:
+        await require_camera_access(review.camera, request=request)
+
+    found_ids = [r.id for r in reviews]
+
+    if found_ids:
+        existing_statuses = list(
+            UserReviewStatus.select().where(
+                (UserReviewStatus.user_id == user_id)
+                & (UserReviewStatus.review_segment << found_ids)
             )
-            # Update based on the reviewed parameter
-            if review_status.has_been_reviewed != body.reviewed:
-                review_status.has_been_reviewed = body.reviewed
-                review_status.save()
-        except DoesNotExist:
-            try:
-                UserReviewStatus.create(
-                    user_id=user_id,
-                    review_segment=ReviewSegment.get(id=review_id),
-                    has_been_reviewed=body.reviewed,
+        )
+
+        status_by_review = {s.review_segment_id: s for s in existing_statuses}
+
+        to_update = []
+        to_create = []
+
+        for review_id in found_ids:
+            if review_id in status_by_review:
+                status = status_by_review[review_id]
+                if status.has_been_reviewed != body.reviewed:
+                    status.has_been_reviewed = body.reviewed
+                    to_update.append(status)
+            else:
+                to_create.append(
+                    {
+                        "user_id": user_id,
+                        "review_segment_id": review_id,
+                        "has_been_reviewed": body.reviewed,
+                    }
                 )
-            except (DoesNotExist, IntegrityError):
-                pass
+
+        if to_update:
+            UserReviewStatus.bulk_update(
+                to_update, fields=[UserReviewStatus.has_been_reviewed], batch_size=100
+            )
+
+        if to_create:
+            UserReviewStatus.insert_many(to_create).on_conflict_ignore().execute()
 
     return JSONResponse(
         content=(

frigate/test/http_api/test_http_review.py

@@ -497,6 +497,43 @@ class TestHttpReview(BaseTestHttp):
             )
             assert user_review.has_been_reviewed == True
 
+    def test_reviews_concurrent_insert_peewee_ignore(self):
+        """Validates that on_conflict_ignore() silently skips a duplicate insert
+
+        Two requests can both SELECT and find no existing status, then both try
+        to INSERT, hitting the unique (user_id, review_segment) constraint.
+        on_conflict_ignore() must silently skip the duplicate instead of raising
+        an IntegrityError (which was previously caught with try/except).
+        """
+        id = "123456.random"
+        with AuthTestClient(self.app):
+            super().insert_mock_review_segment(id)
+
+            # Simulate the first request having already committed its insert.
+            self._insert_user_review_status(id, reviewed=True)
+
+            # Simulate the second concurrent request attempting the same insert.
+            UserReviewStatus.insert_many(
+                [
+                    {
+                        "user_id": self.user_id,
+                        "review_segment_id": id,
+                        "has_been_reviewed": True,
+                    }
+                ]
+            ).on_conflict_ignore().execute()
+
+            # Exactly one row should exist; no exception should have been raised.
+            count = (
+                UserReviewStatus.select()
+                .where(
+                    (UserReviewStatus.user_id == self.user_id)
+                    & (UserReviewStatus.review_segment == id)
+                )
+                .count()
+            )
+            assert count == 1
+
     ####################################################################################################################
     ###################################  POST reviews/delete Endpoint   ################################################
     ####################################################################################################################

migrations/036_add_perf_indexes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""Peewee migrations -- 036_add_perf_indexes.py.
+
+Adds composite/single-column indexes to speed up single-camera queries
+issued by the web UI.
+
+"""
+
+import peewee as pw
+
+SQL = pw.SQL
+
+
+def migrate(migrator, database, fake=False, **kwargs):
+    migrator.sql(
+        'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "event_camera_start_time" '
+        'ON "event" ("camera", "start_time" DESC)'
+    )
+
+
+def rollback(migrator, database, fake=False, **kwargs):
+    migrator.sql('DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "event_camera_start_time"')