Explain why a go2rtc stream change was rejected

A stream source with an undefined or malformed {FRIGATE_*} placeholder
was reported as a restricted source, which reads like a security block
when the user made a typo. The config API now reports unknown variables
and invalid placeholders separately from restricted sources.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Makefile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 default_target: local
 
 COMMIT_HASH := $(shell git log -1 --pretty=format:"%h"|tail -1)
-VERSION = 0.18.1
+VERSION = 0.18.2
 IMAGE_REPO ?= ghcr.io/blakeblackshear/frigate
 GITHUB_REF_NAME ?= $(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)
 BOARDS= #Initialized empty

docker/main/rootfs/usr/local/nginx/conf/auth_location.conf

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ location /auth {
     # Pass info about the request
     proxy_set_header X-Original-Method $request_method;
     proxy_set_header X-Original-URL $request_uri;
+    # set by the go2rtc stream locations; client headers are not forwarded, so
+    # this cannot be spoofed
+    proxy_set_header X-Go2rtc-Stream-Proxy $go2rtc_stream_proxy;
     proxy_set_header X-Server-Port $server_port;
     proxy_set_header Content-Length "";
     # Pass along auth related info

docker/main/rootfs/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

@@ -202,6 +202,8 @@ http {
 
         # frigate lovelace card uses this path
         location /live/mse/api/ws {
+            # tells /auth to apply the go2rtc stream checks
+            set $go2rtc_stream_proxy 1;
             include auth_request.conf;
             limit_except GET {
                 deny  all;
@@ -211,6 +213,8 @@ http {
         }
 
         location /live/webrtc/api/ws {
+            # tells /auth to apply the go2rtc stream checks
+            set $go2rtc_stream_proxy 1;
             include auth_request.conf;
             limit_except GET {
                 deny  all;
@@ -231,6 +235,8 @@ http {
 
         # integration uses this to add webrtc candidate
         location /api/go2rtc/webrtc {
+            # tells /auth to apply the go2rtc stream checks
+            set $go2rtc_stream_proxy 1;
             include auth_request.conf;
             limit_except POST {
                 deny  all;

frigate/api/app.py

@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ from frigate.util.config import (
 )
 from frigate.util.schema import get_config_schema
 from frigate.util.services import (
+    Go2rtcStreamIssue,
+    find_restricted_go2rtc_stream_changes,
     get_nvidia_driver_info,
     process_logs,
     restart_frigate,
@@ -522,6 +524,63 @@ def config_raw():
         )
 
 
+def _go2rtc_streams(raw_config: str) -> Any:
+    """Load go2rtc.streams with the same loader Frigate and go2rtc startup use.
+
+    Raises ruamel.yaml.YAMLError when the config cannot be parsed.
+    """
+    loaded = ruamel.yaml.YAML().load(raw_config)
+    go2rtc = loaded.get("go2rtc") if isinstance(loaded, dict) else None
+    return go2rtc.get("streams") if isinstance(go2rtc, dict) else None
+
+
+def _restricted_go2rtc_streams_response(
+    old_raw_config: str, new_raw_config: str
+) -> JSONResponse | None:
+    """Reject config changes that add restricted go2rtc stream sources.
+
+    The same sources are rejected by PUT /go2rtc/streams, and go2rtc would
+    otherwise load them from the saved config on the next restart.
+    """
+    try:
+        new_streams = _go2rtc_streams(new_raw_config)
+    except ruamel.yaml.YAMLError:
+        logger.warning("Rejected config change that could not be parsed")
+        return JSONResponse(
+            content={"success": False, "message": "Unable to parse config"},
+            status_code=400,
+        )
+
+    try:
+        old_streams = _go2rtc_streams(old_raw_config)
+    except ruamel.yaml.YAMLError:
+        # with no readable saved config, every source is treated as new
+        old_streams = None
+
+    issues = find_restricted_go2rtc_stream_changes(old_streams, new_streams)
+    if not issues:
+        return None
+
+    messages = []
+    for issue, label in (
+        (Go2rtcStreamIssue.restricted, "Restricted go2rtc stream source in"),
+        (Go2rtcStreamIssue.unknown_variable, "Unknown variable in go2rtc stream"),
+        (
+            Go2rtcStreamIssue.invalid_placeholder,
+            "Invalid variable placeholder in go2rtc stream",
+        ),
+    ):
+        names = [name for name, found in issues.items() if found == issue]
+        if names:
+            messages.append(f"{label}: {', '.join(names)}")
+
+    logger.warning("Rejected config change: %s", "; ".join(messages))
+    return JSONResponse(
+        content={"success": False, "message": "; ".join(messages)},
+        status_code=400,
+    )
+
+
 @router.post("/config/save", dependencies=[Depends(require_role(["admin"]))])
 def config_save(save_option: str, body: Any = Body(media_type="text/plain")):
     new_config = body.decode()
@@ -598,10 +657,22 @@ def config_save(save_option: str, body: Any = Body(media_type="text/plain")):
             status_code=400,
         )
 
+    config_file = find_config_file()
+
+    try:
+        with open(config_file) as f:
+            old_raw_config = f.read()
+    except OSError:
+        old_raw_config = ""
+
+    restricted_response = _restricted_go2rtc_streams_response(
+        old_raw_config, new_config
+    )
+    if restricted_response is not None:
+        return restricted_response
+
     # Save the config to file
     try:
-        config_file = find_config_file()
-
         with open(config_file, "w") as f:
             f.write(new_config)
             f.close()
@@ -912,6 +983,13 @@ def config_set(request: Request, body: AppConfigSetBody):
                         ),
                         status_code=400,
                     )
+                restricted_response = _restricted_go2rtc_streams_response(
+                    old_raw_config, new_raw_config
+                )
+                if restricted_response is not None:
+                    with open(config_file, "w") as f:
+                        f.write(old_raw_config)
+                    return restricted_response
             except Exception as e:
                 logging.error(f"Error updating config: {e}")
                 return JSONResponse(

frigate/api/auth.py

@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ import secrets
 import time
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
-from urllib.parse import parse_qs, urlparse
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs, unquote
 
+import requests
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Request, Response
 from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse, RedirectResponse
 from joserfc import jwt
@@ -1138,11 +1139,44 @@ def _get_stream_owner_cameras(request: Request, stream_name: str) -> set[str]:
     return owner_cameras
 
 
+def _is_existing_go2rtc_stream(request: Request, stream_name: str) -> bool:
+    """Check that `stream_name` names a stream go2rtc already knows about.
+
+    go2rtc turns any `src` that is not an existing stream name into a new ad hoc
+    stream and starts the producer it describes, so the proxied live-stream
+    paths must only ever reference existing streams.
+    """
+    frigate_config = request.app.frigate_config
+
+    if _get_stream_owner_cameras(request, stream_name):
+        return True
+
+    config_streams = getattr(frigate_config.go2rtc, "streams", None) or {}
+    if stream_name in config_streams:
+        return True
+
+    # streams added at runtime through PUT /go2rtc/streams only exist in go2rtc
+    try:
+        r = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:1984/api/streams", timeout=2)
+    except requests.RequestException:
+        logger.warning("Unable to fetch streams from go2rtc to authorize request")
+        return False
+
+    if not r.ok:
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        return stream_name in r.json()
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+
+
 # nginx proxies these paths straight to go2rtc with authentication-only checks
 # (see auth_request.conf). Each names the desired stream via the `src` query
 # param, so the camera-level check must happen here in the `/auth` subrequest —
 # `require_go2rtc_stream_access` only guards the REST `/go2rtc/streams/{name}`
-# endpoint, not these proxied live-stream paths.
+# endpoint, not these proxied live-stream paths. The nginx locations are prefix
+# matches, so anything under these paths is proxied too.
 GO2RTC_STREAM_PROXY_PATHS = frozenset(
     {
         "/live/mse/api/ws",
@@ -1151,32 +1185,80 @@ GO2RTC_STREAM_PROXY_PATHS = frozenset(
     }
 )
 
+_URI_SCHEME_AND_AUTHORITY = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+.-]*://[^/?]*")
+
+
+def _split_request_uri(request_uri: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """Split a raw request URI into its path and query string.
+
+    urlparse is not used since it reads a path starting with `//` as a host.
+    """
+    uri = _URI_SCHEME_AND_AUTHORITY.sub("", request_uri, count=1)
+    path, _, query = uri.partition("?")
+    return path, query
+
+
+def _normalize_request_path(path: str) -> str:
+    """Normalize a raw request path the way nginx does before matching locations.
+
+    nginx percent-decodes the path, merges repeated slashes and resolves dot
+    segments, while `X-Original-URL` carries the raw `$request_uri`.
+    """
+    segments: list[str] = []
+    for segment in unquote(path).split("/"):
+        if segment in ("", "."):
+            continue
+        if segment == "..":
+            if segments:
+                segments.pop()
+            continue
+        segments.append(segment)
+
+    return "/" + "/".join(segments)
+
+
+def _is_go2rtc_stream_proxy_request(path: str, request: Request) -> bool:
+    # nginx marks requests routed through the go2rtc stream locations, and the
+    # normalized path catches them if that marker is ever missing
+    if request.headers.get("x-go2rtc-stream-proxy") == "1":
+        return True
+
+    normalized = _normalize_request_path(path)
+    return any(normalized.startswith(p) for p in GO2RTC_STREAM_PROXY_PATHS)
+
 
 def deny_response_for_go2rtc_stream(
     original_url: str | None, role: str | None, request: Request
 ) -> int | None:
-    """Block role-restricted users from go2rtc live streams they cannot access.
+    """Block go2rtc live-stream requests the current role may not make.
 
-    Returns 403 when any `src` stream named in `original_url` resolves to a
-    camera outside the role's allow-list (or when no `src` is provided on a
-    stream-proxy path), otherwise None. Mirrors the resolution logic in
+    Returns 403 when any `src` named in `original_url` is not an existing go2rtc
+    stream (for every role), or when it resolves to a camera outside a
+    restricted role's allow-list (or no `src` is provided for such a role),
+    otherwise None. Mirrors the resolution logic in
     `require_go2rtc_stream_access` so substream names map to their owning
     camera correctly.
     """
     if not original_url:
         return None
 
-    parsed = urlparse(original_url)
-    if parsed.path not in GO2RTC_STREAM_PROXY_PATHS:
+    path, query = _split_request_uri(original_url)
+    if not _is_go2rtc_stream_proxy_request(path, request):
         return None
 
     frigate_config = request.app.frigate_config
+    sources = parse_qs(query, keep_blank_values=True).get("src", [])
+
+    # an unknown src would make go2rtc create an ad hoc stream from it, which
+    # bypasses the restricted-source checks on PUT /go2rtc/streams
+    for src in sources:
+        if not _is_existing_go2rtc_stream(request, src):
+            return 403
 
     # admin and full-access roles (no allow-list) bypass the camera check
     if not role or not is_role_restricted(role, frigate_config):
         return None
 
-    sources = parse_qs(parsed.query).get("src", [])
     if not sources:
         # a stream-proxy request naming no stream has nothing legitimate to
         # show a restricted user

frigate/api/camera.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ from frigate.util.image import run_ffmpeg_snapshot
 from frigate.util.services import (
     analyze_record_keyframes,
     ffprobe_stream,
-    is_restricted_go2rtc_source,
+    is_restricted_go2rtc_api_source,
 )
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ def go2rtc_camera_stream(request: Request, stream_name: str):
 )
 def go2rtc_add_stream(request: Request, stream_name: str, src: str = ""):
     """Add or update a go2rtc stream configuration."""
-    if src and is_restricted_go2rtc_source(src):
+    if src and is_restricted_go2rtc_api_source(src):
         logger.warning(
-            "Rejected go2rtc stream '%s' with restricted source type (echo/expr/exec)",
+            "Rejected go2rtc stream '%s' with restricted source",
             stream_name,
         )
         return JSONResponse(
@@ -173,9 +173,9 @@ def go2rtc_add_stream(request: Request, stream_name: str, src: str = ""):
             except KeyError:
                 resolved_src = src
 
-            if is_restricted_go2rtc_source(resolved_src):
+            if is_restricted_go2rtc_api_source(resolved_src):
                 logger.warning(
-                    "Rejected go2rtc stream '%s' with restricted source type (echo/expr/exec)",
+                    "Rejected go2rtc stream '%s' with restricted source",
                     stream_name,
                 )
                 return JSONResponse(

frigate/config/env.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import logging
 import os
 import re
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -5,6 +6,8 @@ from typing import Annotated
 
 from pydantic import AfterValidator, ValidationInfo
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 FRIGATE_ENV_VARS = {k: v for k, v in os.environ.items() if k.startswith("FRIGATE_")}
 secrets_dir = os.environ.get("CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY", "/run/secrets")
 # read secret files as env vars too
@@ -16,6 +19,10 @@ if os.path.isdir(secrets_dir) and os.access(secrets_dir, os.R_OK):
             )
 
 
+# Security overrides that must come from the container environment, which is
+# controlled by the operator, rather than from the config, which admins can edit
+_PROTECTED_ENV_VARS = frozenset({"GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC"})
+
 # Matches a FRIGATE_* identifier following an opening brace.
 _FRIGATE_IDENT_RE = re.compile(r"FRIGATE_[A-Za-z0-9_]+")
 
@@ -95,6 +102,13 @@ EnvString = Annotated[str, AfterValidator(validate_env_string)]
 def validate_env_vars(v: dict[str, str], info: ValidationInfo) -> dict[str, str]:
     if isinstance(info.context, dict) and info.context.get("install", False):
         for k, val in v.items():
+            if k.upper() in _PROTECTED_ENV_VARS:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring %s in environment_vars, it must be set in the container environment",
+                    k,
+                )
+                continue
+
             os.environ[k] = val
             if k.startswith("FRIGATE_"):
                 FRIGATE_ENV_VARS[k] = val

frigate/test/http_api/test_http_camera_access.py

@@ -403,6 +403,77 @@ class TestGo2rtcStreamAccess(BaseTestHttp):
                 forwarded_src = mock_put.call_args.kwargs["params"]["src"]
                 assert forwarded_src == "exec:/tmp/something"
 
+    def test_add_stream_rejects_ffmpeg_argument_injection(self):
+        """PUT /go2rtc/streams must reject ffmpeg: sources whose parameters can
+        inject arbitrary ffmpeg arguments, since go2rtc expands them to exec:"""
+        app = self._make_app(_MULTI_CAMERA_CONFIG)
+        with patch("frigate.api.camera.requests.put") as mock_put:
+            with AuthTestClient(app) as client:
+                for src in (
+                    # shape of the source in GHSA-qjjw-3v66-279f
+                    "ffmpeg:#input='-f''h264''-i''data:placeholder''-c''copy'",
+                    "ffmpeg:#input=-re",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#raw=-vn",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#video=-vn",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#video=out.mp4",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#drawtext=x",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#width=1x",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#audio=/16000",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#audio=opus/",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#audio=opus/16000/1",
+                    "ffmpeg:'front_door'",
+                    "  ffmpeg:#input=-re",
+                ):
+                    resp = client.put("/go2rtc/streams/injected", params={"src": src})
+                    assert resp.status_code == 400, (
+                        f"Expected 400 for ffmpeg src {src!r}; got {resp.status_code}"
+                    )
+                    assert resp.json().get("success") is False
+            mock_put.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_add_stream_allows_standard_ffmpeg_sources(self):
+        """ffmpeg: sources built by the UI and shown in the docs must still be
+        forwarded to go2rtc"""
+        app = self._make_app(_MULTI_CAMERA_CONFIG)
+        mock_response = type("R", (), {"ok": True, "status_code": 200, "text": "ok"})()
+        with patch(
+            "frigate.api.camera.requests.put", return_value=mock_response
+        ) as mock_put:
+            with AuthTestClient(app) as client:
+                for src in (
+                    "ffmpeg:rtsp://10.0.0.1:554/video",
+                    "ffmpeg:rtsp://10.0.0.1:554/video#video=copy#audio=copy",
+                    "ffmpeg:rtsp://10.0.0.1:554/video#video=h264#hardware",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#audio=opus",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#video=h264#hardware=vaapi",
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#video=h264#width=1280#rotate=-90",
+                    # documented HomeKit source
+                    "ffmpeg:front_door#video=h264#width=1280#height=720#audio=opus/16000",
+                    "ffmpeg:http://10.0.0.1/flv?port=1935&app=bcs#video=copy",
+                ):
+                    resp = client.put("/go2rtc/streams/legit", params={"src": src})
+                    assert resp.status_code == 200, (
+                        f"Expected 200 for ffmpeg src {src!r}; got {resp.status_code}"
+                    )
+                    forwarded_src = mock_put.call_args.kwargs["params"]["src"]
+                    assert forwarded_src == src
+
+    def test_add_stream_allows_ffmpeg_injection_when_override_set(self):
+        """GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC also lifts the ffmpeg: parameter check"""
+        app = self._make_app(_MULTI_CAMERA_CONFIG)
+        mock_response = type("R", (), {"ok": True, "status_code": 200, "text": "ok"})()
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC": "true"}):
+            with patch(
+                "frigate.api.camera.requests.put", return_value=mock_response
+            ) as mock_put:
+                with AuthTestClient(app) as client:
+                    resp = client.put(
+                        "/go2rtc/streams/legit",
+                        params={"src": "ffmpeg:front_door#raw=-vn"},
+                    )
+                assert resp.status_code == 200
+                mock_put.assert_called_once()
+
     def test_stream_alias_blocked_when_owning_camera_disallowed(self):
         """limited_user cannot access a stream alias that belongs to a camera they
         are not allowed to see."""

frigate/test/http_api/test_http_config_go2rtc_streams.py

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+"""Tests for go2rtc stream source restrictions on config/save and config/set."""
+
+import copy
+import os
+import tempfile
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import ruamel.yaml
+
+from frigate.config.env import FRIGATE_ENV_VARS
+from frigate.models import Event, Recordings, ReviewSegment
+from frigate.test.http_api.base_http_test import AuthTestClient, BaseTestHttp
+
+# shape of the source in GHSA-qjjw-3v66-279f, with the payload replaced
+_INJECTED_SRC = "ffmpeg:#input='-f''h264''-i''data:placeholder''-c''copy'"
+
+# an unrestricted ffmpeg: source the operator already has in the file on disk
+_EXISTING_SRC = "ffmpeg:rtsp://10.0.0.1:554/video#raw=-vn"
+
+_CONFIG = {
+    "mqtt": {"host": "mqtt"},
+    "go2rtc": {"streams": {"front_door": [_EXISTING_SRC]}},
+    "cameras": {
+        "front_door": {
+            "ffmpeg": {
+                "inputs": [{"path": "rtsp://10.0.0.1:554/video", "roles": ["detect"]}]
+            },
+            "detect": {"height": 1080, "width": 1920, "fps": 5},
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+
+def _dump(config: dict) -> str:
+    yaml = ruamel.yaml.YAML()
+    stream = tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile(mode="w+")
+    yaml.dump(config, stream)
+    stream.seek(0)
+    return stream.read()
+
+
+class TestConfigGo2rtcStreamRestrictions(BaseTestHttp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp([Event, Recordings, ReviewSegment])
+        self.minimal_config = _CONFIG
+        self.app = super().create_app()
+
+        fd, self.config_path = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=".yml")
+        with os.fdopen(fd, "w") as f:
+            f.write(_dump(_CONFIG))
+        self.addCleanup(os.unlink, self.config_path)
+
+        find_patch = patch(
+            "frigate.api.app.find_config_file", return_value=self.config_path
+        )
+        find_patch.start()
+        self.addCleanup(find_patch.stop)
+
+        env_patch = patch.dict(os.environ)
+        env_patch.start()
+        self.addCleanup(env_patch.stop)
+        os.environ.pop("GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC", None)
+
+    def _read_config(self) -> str:
+        with open(self.config_path) as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+    def _set_streams(self, streams: dict):
+        with AuthTestClient(self.app) as client:
+            return client.put(
+                "/config/set",
+                json={
+                    "config_data": {"go2rtc": {"streams": streams}},
+                    "requires_restart": 1,
+                },
+            )
+
+    def _save_streams(self, streams: dict, prefix: str = ""):
+        config = copy.deepcopy(_CONFIG)
+        config["go2rtc"]["streams"].update(streams)
+        with AuthTestClient(self.app) as client:
+            return client.post(
+                "/config/save?save_option=saveonly",
+                content=prefix + _dump(config),
+                headers={"Content-Type": "text/plain"},
+            )
+
+    # --- config/set ---
+
+    def test_set_rejects_injected_ffmpeg_source(self):
+        before = self._read_config()
+        resp = self._set_streams({"new_stream": [_INJECTED_SRC]})
+        assert resp.status_code == 400
+        assert resp.json()["success"] is False
+        assert self._read_config() == before
+
+    def test_set_rejects_injected_string_source(self):
+        before = self._read_config()
+        resp = self._set_streams({"new_stream": "ffmpeg:front_door#raw=-vn"})
+        assert resp.status_code == 400
+        assert self._read_config() == before
+
+    def test_set_rejects_injected_source_added_to_existing_stream(self):
+        before = self._read_config()
+        resp = self._set_streams({"front_door": [_EXISTING_SRC, _INJECTED_SRC]})
+        assert resp.status_code == 400
+        assert self._read_config() == before
+
+    def test_set_allows_standard_sources(self):
+        resp = self._set_streams(
+            {
+                "new_stream": [
+                    "rtsp://10.0.0.2:554/video",
+                    "ffmpeg:new_stream#audio=opus",
+                ]
+            }
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.text
+        assert "ffmpeg:new_stream#audio=opus" in self._read_config()
+
+    def test_set_keeps_existing_source_on_disk(self):
+        resp = self._set_streams(
+            {"front_door": [_EXISTING_SRC, "ffmpeg:front_door#audio=opus"]}
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.text
+        assert _EXISTING_SRC in self._read_config()
+
+    def test_set_allows_injected_source_when_override_set(self):
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC": "true"}):
+            resp = self._set_streams({"new_stream": [_INJECTED_SRC]})
+        assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.text
+
+    # --- config/save ---
+
+    def test_save_rejects_injected_ffmpeg_source(self):
+        before = self._read_config()
+        resp = self._save_streams({"new_stream": [_INJECTED_SRC]})
+        assert resp.status_code == 400
+        assert self._read_config() == before
+
+    def test_save_rejects_exec_source(self):
+        before = self._read_config()
+        resp = self._save_streams({"new_stream": "exec:/tmp/something"})
+        assert resp.status_code == 400
+        assert self._read_config() == before
+
+    def test_save_rejects_map_source(self):
+        before = self._read_config()
+        resp = self._save_streams({"new_stream": {"url": "rtsp://10.0.0.2/video"}})
+        assert resp.status_code == 400
+        assert self._read_config() == before
+
+    def test_save_resubmitting_existing_config_allowed(self):
+        # the UI config editor always sends back the whole file
+        resp = self._save_streams({"new_stream": "rtsp://10.0.0.2:554/video"})
+        assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.text
+        config = self._read_config()
+        assert _EXISTING_SRC in config
+        assert "rtsp://10.0.0.2:554/video" in config
+
+    def test_save_tagged_config_with_standard_source_allowed(self):
+        # a tag on the root map still passes validation and startup parsing
+        resp = self._save_streams(
+            {"new_stream": "rtsp://10.0.0.2:554/video"}, prefix="!config\n"
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.text
+
+    def test_save_tagged_config_with_injected_source_rejected(self):
+        before = self._read_config()
+        resp = self._save_streams({"new_stream": [_INJECTED_SRC]}, prefix="!config\n")
+        assert resp.status_code == 400
+        assert "Restricted go2rtc stream source" in resp.json()["message"]
+        assert self._read_config() == before
+
+    # --- {FRIGATE_*} placeholders resolve the same way as at go2rtc startup ---
+
+    def test_set_rejects_unresolvable_placeholder(self):
+        before = self._read_config()
+        with patch.dict(FRIGATE_ENV_VARS, {"FRIGATE_RTSP_USER": "user"}):
+            for src, message in (
+                (
+                    "{FRIGATE_RTSP_USER!r}fmpeg:front_door#raw=-vn",
+                    "Invalid variable placeholder in go2rtc stream: new_stream",
+                ),
+                (
+                    "{FRIGATE_RTSP_USER:>5}",
+                    "Invalid variable placeholder in go2rtc stream: new_stream",
+                ),
+                (
+                    "rtsp://{FRIGATE_UNDEFINED}@10.0.0.2:554/video",
+                    "Unknown variable in go2rtc stream: new_stream",
+                ),
+            ):
+                resp = self._set_streams({"new_stream": [src]})
+                assert resp.status_code == 400, src
+                assert resp.json()["message"] == message, src
+                assert self._read_config() == before
+
+    def test_set_reports_each_issue(self):
+        resp = self._set_streams(
+            {
+                "typo_stream": ["rtsp://{FRIGATE_UNDEFINED}@10.0.0.2:554/video"],
+                "injected_stream": [_INJECTED_SRC],
+            }
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 400
+        assert resp.json()["message"] == (
+            "Restricted go2rtc stream source in: injected_stream; "
+            "Unknown variable in go2rtc stream: typo_stream"
+        )
+
+    def test_set_allows_resolvable_placeholder(self):
+        src = "rtsp://{FRIGATE_RTSP_USER}@10.0.0.2:554/video"
+        with patch.dict(FRIGATE_ENV_VARS, {"FRIGATE_RTSP_USER": "user"}):
+            resp = self._set_streams({"new_stream": [src]})
+        assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.text
+        assert src in self._read_config()

frigate/test/http_api/test_http_go2rtc_proxy_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Tests for the /auth subrequest on nginx-proxied go2rtc live-stream paths."""
+
+import time
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import requests
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from joserfc.jwk import OctKey
+
+from frigate.api.auth import create_encoded_jwt
+from frigate.models import Event, Recordings, ReviewSegment, User
+from frigate.test.http_api.base_http_test import BaseTestHttp
+
+_CONFIG = {
+    "mqtt": {"host": "mqtt"},
+    "cameras": {
+        "front_door": {
+            "ffmpeg": {
+                "inputs": [{"path": "rtsp://10.0.0.1:554/video", "roles": ["detect"]}]
+            },
+            "detect": {"height": 1080, "width": 1920, "fps": 5},
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+# shape of the source in GHSA-93xj-hg88-ffg7, with the payload replaced
+_AD_HOC_SRC = "ffmpeg:%23input%3D'-f''h264''-i''data:placeholder''-c''copy'"
+
+
+class TestGo2rtcProxyAuth(BaseTestHttp):
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp([Event, ReviewSegment, Recordings, User])
+        self.minimal_config = _CONFIG
+        self.app = super().create_app()
+        self.app.jwt_token = OctKey.import_key(b"0" * 32)
+
+        get_patch = patch(
+            "frigate.api.auth.requests.get",
+            side_effect=requests.ConnectionError("go2rtc unavailable"),
+        )
+        get_patch.start()
+        self.addCleanup(get_patch.stop)
+
+    def _auth(self, role: str, original_url: str):
+        token = create_encoded_jwt(
+            role, role, int(time.time()) + 3600, self.app.jwt_token
+        )
+        with TestClient(self.app) as client:
+            return client.get(
+                "/auth",
+                headers={
+                    "authorization": f"Bearer {token}",
+                    "x-original-url": original_url,
+                },
+            )
+
+    def test_viewer_ad_hoc_mse_source_denied(self):
+        resp = self._auth("viewer", f"/live/mse/api/ws?src={_AD_HOC_SRC}")
+        assert resp.status_code == 403
+
+    def test_viewer_ad_hoc_webrtc_sources_denied(self):
+        for path in ("/live/webrtc/api/ws", "/api/go2rtc/webrtc"):
+            resp = self._auth("viewer", f"{path}?src={_AD_HOC_SRC}")
+            assert resp.status_code == 403, path
+
+    def test_admin_ad_hoc_mse_source_denied(self):
+        resp = self._auth("admin", f"/live/mse/api/ws?src={_AD_HOC_SRC}")
+        assert resp.status_code == 403
+
+    def test_viewer_camera_stream_allowed(self):
+        resp = self._auth("viewer", "/live/mse/api/ws?src=front_door")
+        assert resp.status_code == 202
+        assert resp.headers["remote-role"] == "viewer"

frigate/test/test_env.py

@@ -49,14 +49,10 @@ class TestGo2RtcAddStreamSubstitution(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_mixed_localtime_and_frigate_var(self):
         """%{localtime\\:...} alongside {FRIGATE_USER} substitutes only the var."""
         FRIGATE_ENV_VARS["FRIGATE_USER"] = "admin"
-        src = (
-            "ffmpeg:rtsp://host/s#raw=-vf "
-            "drawtext=text=%{localtime\\:%Y-%m-%d}:user={FRIGATE_USER}"
-        )
+        src = "rtsp://host/s?text=%{localtime\\:%Y-%m-%d}&user={FRIGATE_USER}"
         self.assertEqual(
             self._call_route(src),
-            "ffmpeg:rtsp://host/s#raw=-vf "
-            "drawtext=text=%{localtime\\:%Y-%m-%d}:user=admin",
+            "rtsp://host/s?text=%{localtime\\:%Y-%m-%d}&user=admin",
         )
 
     def test_unknown_var_falls_back_to_raw_src(self):
@@ -232,6 +228,29 @@ class TestEnvVars(unittest.TestCase):
         result = validate_env_string("{FRIGATE_BROKER}")
         self.assertEqual(result, "mqtt.local")
 
+    def test_install_ignores_go2rtc_exec_override(self):
+        """The go2rtc exec override cannot be enabled from the config."""
+        from frigate.util.services import is_go2rtc_arbitrary_exec_allowed
+
+        env_patch = patch.dict(os.environ)
+        env_patch.start()
+        self.addCleanup(env_patch.stop)
+        os.environ.pop("GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC", None)
+        ctx = self._make_context(install=True)
+        with patch("frigate.util.services.os.path.isfile", return_value=False):
+            for key in ("GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC", "go2rtc_allow_arbitrary_exec"):
+                validate_env_vars({key: "true", "OTHER_VAR": "value"}, ctx)
+                self.assertNotIn(key, os.environ)
+                self.assertFalse(is_go2rtc_arbitrary_exec_allowed())
+        self.assertEqual(os.environ.get("OTHER_VAR"), "value")
+
+    def test_install_keeps_container_go2rtc_exec_override(self):
+        """An override set in the container environment is left untouched."""
+        ctx = self._make_context(install=True)
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC": "true"}):
+            validate_env_vars({"GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC": "false"}, ctx)
+            self.assertEqual(os.environ.get("GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC"), "true")
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

frigate/test/test_go2rtc_stream_auth.py

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ param, which the static-media auth in `media_auth` does not inspect.
 
 import types
 import unittest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import requests
 
 from frigate.api.auth import deny_response_for_go2rtc_stream
 from frigate.config import FrigateConfig
@@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ _CONFIG = {
             "dual_user": ["front_door", "back_door"],
         }
     },
+    "go2rtc": {"streams": {"doorbell_audio": ["rtsp://10.0.0.4:554/audio"]}},
     "cameras": {
         "front_door": {
             "ffmpeg": {
@@ -46,7 +50,9 @@ _CONFIG = {
 
 
 def _request(config: FrigateConfig) -> types.SimpleNamespace:
-    return types.SimpleNamespace(app=types.SimpleNamespace(frigate_config=config))
+    return types.SimpleNamespace(
+        app=types.SimpleNamespace(frigate_config=config), headers={}
+    )
 
 
 class TestDenyResponseForGo2rtcStream(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -54,6 +60,20 @@ class TestDenyResponseForGo2rtcStream(unittest.TestCase):
         self.config = FrigateConfig(**_CONFIG)
         self.request = _request(self.config)
 
+        # go2rtc is not running in tests; individual tests override this
+        get_patch = patch(
+            "frigate.api.auth.requests.get",
+            side_effect=requests.ConnectionError("go2rtc unavailable"),
+        )
+        self.mock_get = get_patch.start()
+        self.addCleanup(get_patch.stop)
+
+    def _go2rtc_streams(self, *names: str) -> None:
+        response = MagicMock(ok=True)
+        response.json.return_value = {name: {} for name in names}
+        self.mock_get.side_effect = None
+        self.mock_get.return_value = response
+
     def _deny(self, url: str, role: str):
         return deny_response_for_go2rtc_stream(url, role, self.request)
 
@@ -170,6 +190,107 @@ class TestDenyResponseForGo2rtcStream(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_missing_role_bypasses(self):
         self.assertIsNone(self._deny("http://host/live/mse/api/ws?src=back_door", None))
 
+    # --- ad hoc sources are denied for every role ---
+
+    def test_ad_hoc_ffmpeg_source_denied_for_all_roles(self):
+        # shape of the source in GHSA-93xj-hg88-ffg7
+        src = "ffmpeg:%23input%3D'-f''h264''-i''data:placeholder''-c''copy'"
+        for path in (
+            "/live/mse/api/ws",
+            "/live/webrtc/api/ws",
+            "/api/go2rtc/webrtc",
+        ):
+            for role in ("viewer", "admin", "limited_user", None):
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    self._deny(f"http://host{path}?src={src}", role),
+                    403,
+                    f"{path} {role}",
+                )
+
+    def test_ad_hoc_source_with_name_param_denied(self):
+        # name= would otherwise let go2rtc replace an existing stream's source
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._deny(
+                "http://host/live/mse/api/ws?src=ffmpeg:x%23video%3Dh264"
+                "&name=front_door",
+                "admin",
+            ),
+            403,
+        )
+
+    def test_ad_hoc_source_after_existing_src_denied(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._deny(
+                "http://host/live/mse/api/ws?src=front_door&src=exec:x", "viewer"
+            ),
+            403,
+        )
+
+    def test_unknown_stream_denied_for_admin(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._deny("http://host/live/mse/api/ws?src=nonexistent", "admin"), 403
+        )
+
+    def test_blank_src_denied_for_admin(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self._deny("http://host/live/mse/api/ws?src=", "admin"), 403)
+
+    def test_go2rtc_config_stream_allowed(self):
+        self.assertIsNone(
+            self._deny("http://host/live/mse/api/ws?src=doorbell_audio", "viewer")
+        )
+        self.mock_get.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_runtime_go2rtc_stream_allowed(self):
+        # streams added through PUT /go2rtc/streams only exist in go2rtc
+        self._go2rtc_streams("front_door", "wizard_test")
+        self.assertIsNone(
+            self._deny("http://host/live/mse/api/ws?src=wizard_test", "admin")
+        )
+
+    def test_runtime_lookup_does_not_admit_ad_hoc_source(self):
+        self._go2rtc_streams("front_door", "wizard_test")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._deny("http://host/live/mse/api/ws?src=ffmpeg:wizard_test", "admin"),
+            403,
+        )
+
+    def test_go2rtc_error_fails_closed(self):
+        self.mock_get.side_effect = None
+        self.mock_get.return_value = MagicMock(ok=False)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._deny("http://host/live/mse/api/ws?src=wizard_test", "admin"), 403
+        )
+
+    # --- path spellings nginx normalizes before matching its location ---
+
+    def test_path_variants_are_checked(self):
+        for path in (
+            "/live/mse/api/%77s",
+            "/live/mse/api%2Fws",
+            "//live/mse/api/ws",
+            "/live//mse/api/ws",
+            "/live/mse/api/./ws",
+            "/live/other/../mse/api/ws",
+            "/live/mse/api/%2e/ws",
+            "/%6Cive/webrtc/api/ws",
+            "/api/go2rtc/%77ebrtc",
+            "/live/mse/api/ws/",
+            "/live/mse/api/ws/extra",
+            "http://host//live/mse/api/ws",
+        ):
+            self.assertEqual(self._deny(f"{path}?src=nonexistent", "viewer"), 403, path)
+
+    def test_path_variants_allow_existing_stream(self):
+        self.assertIsNone(self._deny("/live/mse/api/%77s?src=front_door", "viewer"))
+
+    def test_nginx_marker_applies_check(self):
+        self.request.headers = {"x-go2rtc-stream-proxy": "1"}
+        self.assertEqual(self._deny("/unexpected?src=nonexistent", "viewer"), 403)
+
+    def test_unrelated_paths_not_checked(self):
+        for path in ("/live/mse/api", "/api/go2rtc/streams", "/live/jsmpeg/x"):
+            self.assertIsNone(self._deny(f"{path}?src=nonexistent", "viewer"), path)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

frigate/util/services.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import subprocess as sp
 import time
 import traceback
 from datetime import datetime
+from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any
 
 import cv2
@@ -986,6 +987,122 @@ def is_restricted_go2rtc_source(stream_source: str) -> bool:
     return not is_go2rtc_arbitrary_exec_allowed()
 
 
+# go2rtc expands an `ffmpeg:` source into an `exec:` command line built from its
+# `#key=value` parameters, so only parameters that map to fixed presets or plain
+# numbers are accepted from the API
+_GO2RTC_FFMPEG_NAME_PARAMS = frozenset({"video", "audio", "hardware"})
+_GO2RTC_FFMPEG_NUMERIC_PARAMS = frozenset(
+    {"width", "height", "rotate", "bitrate", "timeout"}
+)
+_GO2RTC_FFMPEG_FLAG_PARAMS = frozenset({"async"})
+# a preset or codec name, optionally with a sample rate (e.g. opus/16000)
+_GO2RTC_FFMPEG_NAME_VALUE = re.compile(r"^([A-Za-z0-9_]*|[A-Za-z0-9_]+/[0-9]{1,6})$")
+_GO2RTC_FFMPEG_NUMERIC_VALUE = re.compile(r"^-?[0-9]+[kKmM]?$")
+
+
+def _is_safe_go2rtc_ffmpeg_source(stream_source: str) -> bool:
+    """Check that an `ffmpeg:` source only uses allowlisted parameters."""
+    if any(c in stream_source for c in "'\"") or re.search(r"\s", stream_source):
+        return False
+
+    _, *params = stream_source.split("#")
+    for param in params:
+        key, has_value, value = param.partition("=")
+        if key in _GO2RTC_FFMPEG_NAME_PARAMS:
+            if not _GO2RTC_FFMPEG_NAME_VALUE.match(value):
+                return False
+        elif key in _GO2RTC_FFMPEG_NUMERIC_PARAMS:
+            if not _GO2RTC_FFMPEG_NUMERIC_VALUE.match(value):
+                return False
+        elif key in _GO2RTC_FFMPEG_FLAG_PARAMS:
+            if has_value:
+                return False
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+def is_restricted_go2rtc_api_source(stream_source: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a stream source submitted through the API is restricted.
+
+    In addition to the echo/expr/exec sources, this restricts `ffmpeg:` sources
+    whose parameters could inject arbitrary ffmpeg arguments. The
+    GO2RTC_ALLOW_ARBITRARY_EXEC override lifts both restrictions.
+    """
+    source = stream_source.strip()
+    if is_restricted_go2rtc_source(source):
+        return True
+    if not source.startswith("ffmpeg:"):
+        return False
+    if _is_safe_go2rtc_ffmpeg_source(source[len("ffmpeg:") :]):
+        return False
+    return not is_go2rtc_arbitrary_exec_allowed()
+
+
+def _go2rtc_stream_sources(stream: Any) -> list[Any]:
+    return stream if isinstance(stream, list) else [stream]
+
+
+class Go2rtcStreamIssue(str, Enum):
+    """Why a go2rtc stream source was rejected."""
+
+    restricted = "restricted"
+    unknown_variable = "unknown_variable"
+    invalid_placeholder = "invalid_placeholder"
+
+
+def find_restricted_go2rtc_stream_changes(
+    old_streams: dict[str, Any] | None, new_streams: dict[str, Any] | None
+) -> dict[str, Go2rtcStreamIssue]:
+    """Return the go2rtc streams with new sources that must be rejected.
+
+    Used when the config is changed through the API. A source that is already
+    in the saved config for the same stream is left alone, so streams the
+    operator configured on disk keep working; any other source must resolve
+    its {FRIGATE_*} placeholders and pass `is_restricted_go2rtc_api_source`.
+    """
+    # imported here since frigate.config imports this module
+    from frigate.config.env import substitute_frigate_vars
+
+    old_streams = old_streams if isinstance(old_streams, dict) else {}
+    new_streams = new_streams if isinstance(new_streams, dict) else {}
+    issues: dict[str, Go2rtcStreamIssue] = {}
+
+    for name, stream in new_streams.items():
+        existing = _go2rtc_stream_sources(old_streams.get(name))
+
+        for source in _go2rtc_stream_sources(stream):
+            if source in existing:
+                continue
+
+            if not isinstance(source, str):
+                # the map form is only usable with arbitrary exec enabled
+                if is_go2rtc_arbitrary_exec_allowed():
+                    continue
+                issues[name] = Go2rtcStreamIssue.restricted
+                break
+
+            # only sources whose placeholders resolve here are accepted, so the
+            # resolved value checked below is what go2rtc loads at startup
+            try:
+                resolved_source = substitute_frigate_vars(source)
+            except KeyError:
+                issues[name] = Go2rtcStreamIssue.unknown_variable
+                break
+            except ValueError:
+                issues[name] = Go2rtcStreamIssue.invalid_placeholder
+                break
+
+            if is_restricted_go2rtc_api_source(
+                source
+            ) or is_restricted_go2rtc_api_source(resolved_source):
+                issues[name] = Go2rtcStreamIssue.restricted
+                break
+
+    return issues
+
+
 def ffprobe_stream(ffmpeg, path: str, detailed: bool = False) -> sp.CompletedProcess:
     """Run ffprobe on stream."""
     clean_path = escape_special_characters(path)