add e2e tests for shareable hardware and Frigate+ model saves

Each staged run of a mixed-stream export is rendered from its own pinned vod playlist, and that playlist's first clip snaps back to the preceding keyframe, so every staged file runs up to a GOP longer than its slice of the merged timeline. Chapters were placed on the merged timeline, so they drifted further from the video at every hand-off. Chapter windows for staged exports are now planned the same way each run's playlist is, carrying that keyframe lead-in into the offsets.

frigate/api/app.py

@@ -393,6 +393,11 @@ def config(request: Request):
         model_dict["non_logo_attributes"] = model.non_logo_attributes
         model_dict["labelmap"] = model.merged_labelmap
 
+        # report the configured reference rather than the resolved cache path,
+        # so saving the config back doesn't lose the Frigate+ model
+        if model.plus_id:
+            model_dict["path"] = f"plus://{model.plus_id}"
+
         if not config["plus"]["enabled"]:
             continue
 

frigate/api/config_util.py

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ def swap_runtime_config(app: FastAPI, config: FrigateConfig) -> None:
 
     if app.stats_emitter is not None:
         app.stats_emitter.config = config
+        app.stats_emitter.hardware_stats.set_config(config)
 
     if app.dispatcher is not None:
         app.dispatcher.config = config

frigate/api/media.py

@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ from frigate.util.recording_coverage import (
     null_audio_glitches,
     plan_clip,
     resolve_coverage,
-    stream_has_audio,
 )
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -681,15 +680,10 @@ async def _vod_response(
         end_ts,
         force_discontinuity,
     )
-    intervals = resolve_coverage(camera_name, start_ts, end_ts)
-
     # rows contradicting their stream's audio composition are
     # truncated-shutdown glitches
-    main_audio = stream_has_audio(intervals, main=True)
-    sub_audio = stream_has_audio(intervals, main=False)
-
     spans = build_spans(
-        null_audio_glitches(intervals, main_audio, sub_audio),
+        null_audio_glitches(resolve_coverage(camera_name, start_ts, end_ts)),
         stream_preference,
     )
 

frigate/detectors/detector_config.py

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ class ModelConfig(BaseModel):
     _all_attributes: list[str] = PrivateAttr()
     _all_attribute_logos: list[str] = PrivateAttr()
     _model_hash: str = PrivateAttr()
+    _plus_id: str | None = PrivateAttr(default=None)
 
     @property
     def merged_labelmap(self) -> dict[int, str]:
@@ -148,6 +149,11 @@ class ModelConfig(BaseModel):
     def model_hash(self) -> str:
         return self._model_hash
 
+    @property
+    def plus_id(self) -> str | None:
+        """The Frigate+ model id, once a plus:// path has been resolved."""
+        return self._plus_id
+
     def __init__(self, **config):
         super().__init__(**config)
 
@@ -178,6 +184,7 @@ class ModelConfig(BaseModel):
         os.makedirs(MODEL_CACHE_DIR, exist_ok=True)
 
         model_id = self.path[7:]
+        self._plus_id = model_id
         self.path = os.path.join(MODEL_CACHE_DIR, model_id)
         model_info_path = f"{self.path}.json"
 

frigate/record/export.py

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ from frigate.util.ownership import chown_to_runtime
 from frigate.util.recording_coverage import (
     build_spans,
     known_video_codecs,
+    null_audio_glitches,
+    realized_timeline,
     resolve_coverage,
     stream_media_summary,
 )
@@ -84,10 +86,20 @@ class StreamRun:
 
 @dataclass
 class _ChapterWindow:
-    """A merged-timeline slice, shaped like the recording rows chapters read."""
+    """A merged-timeline slice, shaped like the recording rows chapters read.
+
+    lead_in is the output time the slice's vod clip plays before start_time,
+    from snapping its first frame back to a keyframe.
+    """
 
     start_time: float
     end_time: float
+    lead_in: float = 0.0
+
+
+def _lead_in(recording: Any) -> float:
+    """Output seconds a chapter source plays before its first wall second."""
+    return recording.lead_in if isinstance(recording, _ChapterWindow) else 0.0
 
 
 # Matches the setpts factor used in timelapse exports (e.g. setpts=0.04*PTS).
@@ -376,15 +388,18 @@ class RecordingExporter(threading.Thread):
     def _resolve_coverage(self) -> tuple[list[list[Any]], set[str], bool]:
         """Resolve the export range into the spans the VOD manifest will serve.
 
-        Delegates to the same coverage resolution the manifest builder
+        Delegates to the same coverage resolution and glitch nulling the
-        uses, so what we plan around and what nginx-vod emits agree by
+        manifest builder uses, so what we plan around and what nginx-vod
-        construction. Returns the spans (each [row, start, end, is_main]),
+        emits agree by construction. Returns the spans (each [row, start,
-        the known video codecs, and whether audio survives the range.
+        end, is_main]), the known video codecs, and whether audio survives
+        the range.
         Memoized: several stages of the export ask the same question, and
         the recordings backing a finished range do not change under us.
         """
         if self._coverage is None:
-            intervals = resolve_coverage(self.camera, self.start_time, self.end_time)
+            intervals = null_audio_glitches(
+                resolve_coverage(self.camera, self.start_time, self.end_time)
+            )
             self._coverage = (
                 build_spans(intervals, self.pinned_stream),
                 known_video_codecs(intervals),
@@ -433,17 +448,57 @@ class RecordingExporter(threading.Thread):
             # hand-off to stage around
             return True
 
-        spans, codecs, keep_audio = self._resolve_coverage()
+        _spans, codecs, keep_audio = self._resolve_coverage()
-        runs = self._stream_runs(spans)
+        runs = self._planned_stream_runs()
 
         # a range one stream covers end to end has nothing to hand off,
         # so it stays on the existing path however long it is
         if len(runs) < 2:
             return True
 
-        runs = [piece for run in runs for piece in self._split_long_run(run)]
         return self._stage_stream_runs(runs, codecs, keep_audio)
 
+    def _planned_stream_runs(self) -> list[StreamRun]:
+        """The runs a mixed range is staged as, one pinned vod playlist each."""
+        runs = self._stream_runs(self._merged_spans())
+
+        if len(runs) < 2:
+            return runs
+
+        return [piece for run in runs for piece in self._split_long_run(run)]
+
+    def _staged_chapter_windows(self) -> list[_ChapterWindow]:
+        """Chapter windows for the staged files as they were rendered.
+
+        Each staged run comes from its own pinned vod playlist, whose first
+        clip snaps back to the preceding keyframe, so a staged file runs up
+        to a GOP longer than its slice of the merged timeline. Planning each
+        run the way its playlist does carries that lead-in into the chapter
+        offsets instead of letting it accumulate at every hand-off.
+        """
+        windows: list[_ChapterWindow] = []
+
+        for run in self._planned_stream_runs():
+            intervals = null_audio_glitches(
+                resolve_coverage(self.camera, run.start_time, run.end_time)
+            )
+
+            for clip in realized_timeline(intervals, run.stream_type):
+                # a skipped clip is absent from the playlist and the file
+                if clip["duration"] <= 0:
+                    continue
+
+                span = clip["end_time"] - clip["start_time"]
+                windows.append(
+                    _ChapterWindow(
+                        clip["start_time"],
+                        clip["end_time"],
+                        max(0.0, clip["duration"] / 1000 - span),
+                    )
+                )
+
+        return windows
+
     def _stream_runs(self, spans: list[list[Any]]) -> list[StreamRun]:
         """Collapse the merged spans into contiguous runs of one stream type.
 
@@ -840,6 +895,8 @@ class RecordingExporter(threading.Thread):
             clipped_end = min(float(rec.end_time), float(self.end_time))
             if clipped_end <= clipped_start:
                 continue
+            # a staged window's keyframe lead-in plays before it
+            output_offset += _lead_in(rec)
             windows.append((clipped_start, clipped_end, output_offset))
             output_offset += clipped_end - clipped_start
 
@@ -987,9 +1044,13 @@ class RecordingExporter(threading.Thread):
             if duration_ms <= 0:
                 continue
 
-            title = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(clipped_start, tz=tz).isoformat(
+            # a staged window's keyframe lead-in opens its chapter, with
-                timespec="seconds"
+            # frames captured that long before the window
-            )
+            lead_in = _lead_in(rec)
+            duration_ms += int(round(lead_in * 1000))
+            title = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                clipped_start - lead_in, tz=tz
+            ).isoformat(timespec="seconds")
             chapter_blocks.append(
                 "[CHAPTER]\n"
                 "TIMEBASE=1/1000\n"
@@ -1128,12 +1189,12 @@ class RecordingExporter(threading.Thread):
         if self.staged_runs:
             # each run was already rendered to a temp file with a common
             # track timescale, so the concat demuxer has nothing left to
-            # reconcile and every chapter offset lines up with the merged
+            # reconcile
-            # timeline the staged files reproduce
+            recordings = (
-            recordings = [
+                self._staged_chapter_windows()
-                _ChapterWindow(span_start, span_end)
+                if self.chapters not in (None, ChaptersEnum.none)
-                for _row, span_start, span_end, _is_main in self._merged_spans()
+                else []
-            ]
+            )
             playlist_lines: list[str] = [f"file '{path}'" for path in self.staged_runs]
             ffmpeg_input = (
                 "-y -protocol_whitelist pipe,file -f concat -safe 0 -i /dev/stdin"
@@ -1149,11 +1210,18 @@ class RecordingExporter(threading.Thread):
             # its own rows are the ones the chapters describe
             recordings = self._get_recordings_for_range(pin)
         else:
-            # never mix streams in one playlist; use main when available
+            # an unstaged auto range resolves to at most one stream run, and
-            # and fall back to sub for expired-main history
+            # its rows are the ones the chapters describe. Main rows the
-            recordings = self._get_recordings_for_range(STREAM_TYPE_MAIN)
+            # manifest drops (glitches, slivers at the edges of a sub range)
+            # must not stand in for it.
+            runs = self._stream_runs(self._merged_spans())
+            recordings = self._get_recordings_for_range(
+                runs[0].stream_type if runs else STREAM_TYPE_MAIN
+            )
 
-            if not recordings:
+            # never mix streams in one playlist; fall back to sub for
+            # expired-main history
+            if not recordings and not runs:
                 recordings = self._get_recordings_for_range(STREAM_TYPE_SUB)
 
         playlist_lines = []

frigate/record/maintainer.py

@@ -490,9 +490,17 @@ class RecordingMaintainer(threading.Thread):
                 )
             reviews = reviews_by_camera[camera]
 
-            tasks.extend(
+            # probes run concurrently, but each segment's start chains off the
-                [self.validate_and_move_segment(camera, reviews, r) for r in recordings]
+            # previous segment's end, so starts resolve in segment order
-            )
+            previous: asyncio.Event | None = None
+            for recording in recordings:
+                resolved = asyncio.Event()
+                tasks.append(
+                    self._validate_in_order(
+                        camera, reviews, recording, previous, resolved
+                    )
+                )
+                previous = resolved
 
             # publish most recently available recording time and None if disabled
             if stream_type == STREAM_TYPE_MAIN:
@@ -550,12 +558,33 @@ class RecordingMaintainer(threading.Thread):
                 while info and info[0][0] < expire_before:
                     info.pop(0)
 
+    async def _validate_in_order(
+        self,
+        camera: str,
+        reviews: Any,
+        recording: dict[str, Any],
+        previous_start: asyncio.Event | None,
+        start_resolved: asyncio.Event,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Validate a segment, always releasing the next one in its stream."""
+        try:
+            return await self.validate_and_move_segment(
+                camera, reviews, recording, previous_start, start_resolved
+            )
+        finally:
+            start_resolved.set()
+
     def drop_segment(self, cache_path: str) -> None:
         Path(cache_path).unlink(missing_ok=True)
         self.end_time_cache.pop(cache_path, None)
 
     async def validate_and_move_segment(
-        self, camera: str, reviews: Any, recording: dict[str, Any]
+        self,
+        camera: str,
+        reviews: Any,
+        recording: dict[str, Any],
+        previous_start: asyncio.Event | None = None,
+        start_resolved: asyncio.Event | None = None,
     ) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         cache_path: str = recording["cache_path"]
         start_time: datetime.datetime = recording["start_time"]
@@ -617,6 +646,9 @@ class RecordingMaintainer(threading.Thread):
                 async with self.probe_semaphore:
                     keyframes = await get_keyframe_offsets(cache_path)
 
+                if previous_start is not None:
+                    await previous_start.wait()
+
                 start_time = self._resolve_segment_start(
                     camera, stream_type, start_time, duration, cache_path
                 )
@@ -654,6 +686,11 @@ class RecordingMaintainer(threading.Thread):
                 RecordingsDataTypeEnum.valid.value,
             )
 
+        # the start is settled, so the next segment of the stream can chain
+        # off it while this one waits on retention and the move
+        if start_resolved is not None:
+            start_resolved.set()
+
         record_config = self.config.cameras[camera].record
 
         # sub's alerts/detections carry the retain mode directly, unlike

frigate/stats/hardware.py

@@ -256,6 +256,17 @@ class HardwareStats:
         )
         self.update_config()
 
+    def set_config(self, config: FrigateConfig) -> None:
+        """Follow a runtime config swap and recalculate the monitored hardware.
+
+        The camera update subscriber has to follow too, or later camera updates
+        would land on the discarded config.
+        """
+        self.config = config
+        self._config_subscriber.config = config
+        self._config_subscriber.camera_configs = config.cameras
+        self.update_config()
+
     def update_config(self) -> None:
         """Recalculate all hardware that needs to be monitored from the config."""
         names = self._scan_ffmpeg() | self._scan_detectors() | self._scan_enrichments()

frigate/stats/util.py

@@ -111,15 +111,18 @@ def get_detector_stats(
 ) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
     """Get stats for all detectors, including temperatures based on detector type."""
     detector_stats: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
-    detector_type_indices: dict[str, int] = {}
+    # detector type -> device -> index into that type's temperatures
+    device_indices: dict[str, dict[str, int]] = {}
 
     for name, detector in stats_tracking["detectors"].items():
         pid = detector.detect_process.pid if detector.detect_process else None
         detector_type = detector.detector_config.type
 
-        # Keep track of the index for each detector type to match temperatures correctly
+        # temperatures are per physical unit, so a repeated device
-        current_index = detector_type_indices.get(detector_type, 0)
+        # ("hailo:PCIe#2", see runner_names) shares its unit's reading
-        detector_type_indices[detector_type] = current_index + 1
+        device = name.partition("#")[0]
+        type_devices = device_indices.setdefault(detector_type, {})
+        current_index = type_devices.setdefault(device, len(type_devices))
 
         detector_stat = {
             "inference_speed": round(detector.avg_inference_speed.value * 1000, 2),  # type: ignore[attr-defined]

frigate/test/http_api/test_http_app.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+import json
+import os
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 import frigate.genai
 from frigate.config import GenAIProviderEnum
-from frigate.const import REDACTED_CREDENTIAL_SENTINEL
+from frigate.const import MODEL_CACHE_DIR, REDACTED_CREDENTIAL_SENTINEL
 from frigate.genai import GenAIClient
 from frigate.models import Event, Recordings, ReviewSegment
 from frigate.stats.emitter import StatsEmitter
@@ -90,6 +92,44 @@ class TestHttpApp(BaseTestHttp):
             mqtt = response.json()["mqtt"]
             assert mqtt["password"] == REDACTED_CREDENTIAL_SENTINEL
 
+    def test_config_response_keeps_plus_model_reference(self):
+        model_id = "test_plus_reference"
+        model_path = os.path.join(MODEL_CACHE_DIR, model_id)
+        os.makedirs(MODEL_CACHE_DIR, exist_ok=True)
+
+        with open(model_path, "w") as f:
+            f.write("model")
+
+        with open(f"{model_path}.json", "w") as f:
+            json.dump(
+                {
+                    "id": model_id,
+                    "type": "ssd",
+                    "supportedDetectors": ["cpu"],
+                    "width": 320,
+                    "height": 320,
+                    "inputShape": "nhwc",
+                    "pixelFormat": "rgb",
+                    "labelMap": {"0": "person"},
+                },
+                f,
+            )
+
+        self.addCleanup(os.remove, model_path)
+        self.addCleanup(os.remove, f"{model_path}.json")
+        self.minimal_config["models"] = [
+            {"path": f"plus://{model_id}", "devices": ["cpu"]}
+        ]
+        app = super().create_app()
+
+        with AuthTestClient(app) as client:
+            response = client.get("/config")
+            assert response.status_code == 200
+            assert response.json()["models"][0]["path"] == f"plus://{model_id}"
+
+        # detection still loads the resolved cache file
+        assert app.frigate_config.models[0].path == model_path
+
     ####################################################################################################################
     ###################################  POST /genai/probe Endpoint   ##################################################
     ####################################################################################################################

frigate/test/test_config_util.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class TestSwapRuntimeConfig(unittest.TestCase):
         app.genai_manager.update_config.assert_called_once_with(config)
         app.profile_manager.update_config.assert_called_once_with(config)
         self.assertIs(app.stats_emitter.config, config)
+        app.stats_emitter.hardware_stats.set_config.assert_called_once_with(config)
         self.assertIs(app.dispatcher.config, config)
         for comm in app.dispatcher.comms:
             self.assertIs(comm.config, config)

frigate/test/test_detector_stats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Tests for per-detector stats."""
+
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+from frigate.stats.util import get_detector_stats
+
+
+def _detector(detector_type: str) -> MagicMock:
+    detector = MagicMock()
+    detector.detector_config.type = detector_type
+    detector.avg_inference_speed.value = 0.01
+    detector.detection_start.value = 0.0
+    detector.detect_process.pid = 1
+    return detector
+
+
+class TestDetectorTemperatures(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_repeated_device_shares_its_unit_temperature(self):
+        stats_tracking = {
+            "detectors": {
+                "hailo:PCIe": _detector("hailo8l"),
+                "hailo:PCIe#2": _detector("hailo8l"),
+                "hailo:PCIe:1": _detector("hailo8l"),
+            }
+        }
+
+        with patch(
+            "frigate.stats.util.get_hardware_temperatures", return_value=[50.0, 60.0]
+        ):
+            stats = get_detector_stats(stats_tracking)
+
+        self.assertEqual(stats["hailo:PCIe"]["temperature"], 50.0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["hailo:PCIe#2"]["temperature"], 50.0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["hailo:PCIe:1"]["temperature"], 60.0)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

frigate/test/test_export.py

@@ -543,6 +543,56 @@ class TestPinnedStream(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(any("/vod/front/main/" in token for token in cmd))
 
 
+class TestExportTimelineAlignment(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_unstaged_auto_reads_the_stream_it_serves(self) -> None:
+        # a sub-only range whose main rows are glitches the manifest drops
+        exporter = _make_exporter([_span("/s1.mp4", 1_000, 1_040, False)], {"h264"})
+        streams: list[str] = []
+
+        def rows(stream: str) -> list:
+            streams.append(stream)
+            return [_FakeRow(f"/{stream}.mp4")]
+
+        exporter._get_recordings_for_range = rows  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+        exporter.get_record_export_command("/exports/out.mp4")
+
+        self.assertEqual(streams, ["sub"])
+
+    def test_staged_chapters_carry_keyframe_lead_in(self) -> None:
+        exporter = _make_exporter(
+            [
+                _span("/m1.mp4", 1_000, 1_020, True),
+                _span("/s1.mp4", 1_020, 1_040, False),
+            ],
+            {"h264"},
+        )
+        exporter.config.ui.timezone = None
+
+        # each run's vod clip snaps 1.5s back to a keyframe
+        def timeline(_intervals: list, stream: str) -> list[dict]:
+            start, end = (1_000, 1_020) if stream == "main" else (1_020, 1_040)
+            return [
+                {
+                    "start_time": start,
+                    "end_time": end,
+                    "duration": (end - start + 1.5) * 1000,
+                }
+            ]
+
+        with (
+            patch("frigate.record.export.resolve_coverage", return_value=[]),
+            patch("frigate.record.export.realized_timeline", side_effect=timeline),
+        ):
+            windows = exporter._staged_chapter_windows()
+
+        path = exporter._build_recording_segment_chapter_metadata_file(windows)
+        self.addCleanup(os.remove, path)
+        content = Path(path).read_text()
+
+        self.assertIn("START=0\nEND=21500", content)
+        self.assertIn("START=21500\nEND=43000", content)
+
+
 class TestStagedFileCleanup(unittest.TestCase):
     """A staged path must be tracked before ffmpeg can write to it."""
 

frigate/test/test_hardware_stats.py

@@ -288,6 +288,17 @@ class TestUpdateConfig(HardwareStatsTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(set(stats._monitored), {"rockchip"})
 
+    def test_follows_a_runtime_config_swap(self):
+        stats = self.make_stats(self.make_config())
+        self.assertEqual(set(stats._monitored), set())
+
+        swapped = self.make_config("preset-rk-h264")
+        stats.set_config(swapped)
+
+        self.assertEqual(set(stats._monitored), {"rockchip"})
+        self.assertIs(self.subscriber.return_value.config, swapped)
+        self.assertIs(self.subscriber.return_value.camera_configs, swapped.cameras)
+
 
 class TestUpdateStats(HardwareStatsTestCase):
     def run_stats(self, stats: HardwareStats) -> dict:

frigate/test/test_maintainer.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import datetime
 import sys
 import unittest
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
 # Mock complex imports before importing maintainer, saving originals so we can
 # restore them after import and avoid polluting sys.modules for other tests.
@@ -48,8 +48,11 @@ class TestMaintainer(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
                     "frigate.record.maintainer.psutil.process_iter", return_value=[]
                 ):
                     with patch("frigate.record.maintainer.logger.warning") as warn:
-                        # Mock validate_and_move_segment to avoid further logic
+                        # Mock validate_and_move_segment to avoid further logic.
-                        maintainer.validate_and_move_segment = MagicMock()
+                        # The requestor is real when another test imported the
+                        # maintainer first, and it would block on a reply.
+                        maintainer.validate_and_move_segment = AsyncMock()
+                        maintainer.requestor = MagicMock()
 
                         try:
                             await maintainer.move_files()

frigate/test/test_record_sub_maintainer.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """Tests for sub stream cache segment handling in the recording maintainer."""
 
+import asyncio
 import datetime
 import os
 import tempfile
@@ -532,6 +533,59 @@ class TestSegmentStartChaining(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         self.assertAlmostEqual(calls[1].args[2].timestamp(), self.T0 + 10.4, places=3)
         self.assertAlmostEqual(calls[1].args[3].timestamp(), self.T0 + 20.8, places=3)
 
+    async def test_out_of_order_probes_chain_in_segment_order(self):
+        maintainer = _build_chaining_maintainer(self.T0)
+
+        async def probe(_ffmpeg, cache_path, get_duration=False):
+            # the earlier segment's probe finishes last
+            if "chain0" in cache_path:
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+
+            return {"has_valid_video": True, "duration": 10.4}
+
+        recordings = [
+            {
+                "start_time": datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                    self.T0 + offset, tz=datetime.UTC
+                ),
+                "cache_path": f"/tmp/cache/test_cam@chain{offset}.mp4",
+                "stream_type": "main",
+            }
+            for offset in (0, 10)
+        ]
+        first_resolved = asyncio.Event()
+
+        with (
+            patch("frigate.record.maintainer.get_video_properties", probe),
+            patch(
+                "frigate.record.maintainer.get_keyframe_offsets",
+                AsyncMock(return_value=[0]),
+            ),
+            patch(
+                "frigate.record.maintainer.os.path.getmtime",
+                MagicMock(side_effect=OSError("missing")),
+            ),
+        ):
+            await asyncio.gather(
+                maintainer._validate_in_order(
+                    "test_cam", [], recordings[0], None, first_resolved
+                ),
+                maintainer._validate_in_order(
+                    "test_cam", [], recordings[1], first_resolved, asyncio.Event()
+                ),
+            )
+
+        starts = sorted(
+            call.args[2].timestamp() for call in maintainer.move_segment.await_args_list
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(starts[0], self.T0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(starts[1], self.T0 + 10.4, places=3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(
+            maintainer.last_segment_end[("test_cam", "main")],
+            self.T0 + 20.8,
+            places=3,
+        )
+
     async def test_genuine_gap_is_not_snapped(self):
         maintainer = _build_chaining_maintainer(self.T0)
 

frigate/util/downloader.py

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ from frigate.util.file import FileLock
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# (connect, read) seconds. The read timeout bounds each socket read rather than
+# the whole download, so large models still finish.
+DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = (15, 60)
+
 # target path -> first line of the last download error for it; every existing
 # download function swallows its exceptions, so this is how the downloader
 # thread learns why a file is still missing
@@ -124,7 +128,9 @@ class ModelDownloader:
             logger.info(f"Downloading model file from: {url}")
 
         try:
-            with requests.get(url, stream=True, allow_redirects=True) as r:
+            with requests.get(
+                url, stream=True, allow_redirects=True, timeout=DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT
+            ) as r:
                 r.raise_for_status()
                 with open(temporary_filename, "wb") as f:
                     for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):

frigate/util/recording_coverage.py

@@ -213,17 +213,19 @@ def stream_has_audio(intervals: list[CoverageInterval], main: bool) -> bool:
     )
 
 
-def null_audio_glitches(
+def null_audio_glitches(intervals: list[CoverageInterval]) -> list[CoverageInterval]:
-    intervals: list[CoverageInterval], main_audio: bool, sub_audio: bool
-) -> list[CoverageInterval]:
     """Treat video-only glitch rows on audio-bearing streams as no recording.
 
     nginx-vod requires every clip in a sequence to carry the same track
     count, so a truncated video-only segment (a backend restart can flush
     a sub-second file before any audio packet landed) poisons every
     manifest that includes it. Nulling the row turns the glitch into a
-    hole the span builder skips like any recording gap.
+    hole the span builder skips like any recording gap. Every consumer of
+    a window's coverage (the vod manifest, its realized timelines, and
+    exports) goes through here, so they all agree on which rows exist.
     """
+    main_audio = stream_has_audio(intervals, main=True)
+    sub_audio = stream_has_audio(intervals, main=False)
     result: list[CoverageInterval] = []
     for interval in intervals:
         main = interval.main
@@ -449,9 +451,7 @@ def realized_timelines(
     assembles each variant's realized spans. Keyframe snapping reads the
     per-row index stored at record time, so no file is touched.
     """
-    main_audio = stream_has_audio(intervals, main=True)
+    nulled = null_audio_glitches(intervals)
-    sub_audio = stream_has_audio(intervals, main=False)
-    nulled = null_audio_glitches(intervals, main_audio, sub_audio)
 
     return {
         "auto": realized_timeline(nulled, None),

web/e2e/specs/settings/detection-models.spec.ts

@@ -217,6 +217,23 @@ test.describe("Detection models settings @high", () => {
     ).toBeDisabled();
   });
 
+  test("shareable hardware another model uses can still be picked", async ({
+    frigateApp,
+  }) => {
+    await installRoutes(frigateApp.page, [
+      { scene: "all", devices: ["openvino:GPU.0"] },
+      { scene: "outdoor", devices: ["openvino:GPU.1"] },
+    ]);
+    await openPage(frigateApp);
+
+    await expect(
+      frigateApp.page.locator("#models-0-openvino\\:GPU\\.1").first(),
+    ).toBeEnabled();
+    await expect(frigateApp.page.locator("#pageRoot")).not.toContainText(
+      "used by outdoor",
+    );
+  });
+
   test("adding a model appends a card with an unused scene", async ({
     frigateApp,
   }) => {
@@ -248,15 +265,13 @@ test.describe("Detection models settings @high", () => {
   test("a saved Frigate+ model opens on the Frigate+ tab", async ({
     frigateApp,
   }) => {
-    // the backend resolves plus:// to a cache path before serving the config
-    // back, so the plus metadata is the only signal the model is a Plus one
     await installRoutes(
       frigateApp.page,
       [
         {
           scene: "all",
           devices: ["openvino:GPU.0"],
-          path: "/config/model_cache/abc123",
+          path: "plus://abc123",
           plus: PLUS_MODEL,
         },
       ],
@@ -302,6 +317,40 @@ test.describe("Detection models settings @high", () => {
     expect(saves.at(-1)?.config_data?.models?.[0].path).toBe("plus://abc123");
   });
 
+  test("saving a Frigate+ model keeps its reference without the Frigate+ fields", async ({
+    frigateApp,
+  }) => {
+    // the backend fills these in from the Frigate+ model info when it loads
+    const saves = await installRoutes(
+      frigateApp.page,
+      [
+        {
+          scene: "all",
+          devices: ["openvino:GPU.0"],
+          path: "plus://abc123",
+          plus: PLUS_MODEL,
+          width: 320,
+          height: 320,
+          input_tensor: "nchw",
+          model_type: "yolo-generic",
+        },
+      ],
+      true,
+    );
+    await openPage(frigateApp);
+
+    await frigateApp.page.locator("#models-0-openvino\\:GPU\\.1").click();
+    await frigateApp.page.getByRole("button", { name: /^Save$/ }).click();
+    await expect.poll(() => saves.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    const model = saves.at(-1)?.config_data?.models?.[0];
+    expect(model?.path).toBe("plus://abc123");
+    expect(model?.devices).toEqual(["openvino:GPU.0", "openvino:GPU.1"]);
+    expect(model).not.toHaveProperty("width");
+    expect(model).not.toHaveProperty("input_tensor");
+    expect(model).not.toHaveProperty("model_type");
+  });
+
   test("a Frigate+ Hailo model is listed by the device it was built for", async ({
     frigateApp,
   }) => {

web/public/locales/en/views/settings.json

@@ -2053,7 +2053,7 @@
       "unrecognized": "This model is configured for hardware that was not found on this system: {{devices}}",
       "description": "The hardware this model runs its detection on.",
       "detectorCountDescription": "How many detection processes to run on this hardware. More detectors keep up with more cameras, at the cost of extra device memory.",
-      "unitsDescription": "Each unit runs its own detection process. A unit already used by another model can not be selected."
+      "unitsDescription": "Each unit runs its own detection process. A unit that can't be shared, such as a Coral, can only be used by one model."
     },
     "tabs": {
       "plus": "Frigate+",

web/src/components/config-form/sections/section-special-cases.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  */
 
 import { RJSFSchema } from "@rjsf/utils";
+import { omit } from "lodash";
 import { applySchemaDefaults } from "@/lib/config-schema";
 import { isJsonObject } from "@/lib/utils";
 import { HiddenFieldContext, JsonObject, JsonValue } from "@/types/configForm";
@@ -352,6 +353,17 @@ export function synthesizeMissingFilters(
   return { ...(data as JsonObject), filters: newFilters };
 }
 
+// the backend fills these from the Frigate+ model info when it loads a
+// plus:// model, so saving them would only pin values Frigate+ owns
+const PLUS_SUPPLIED_MODEL_FIELDS = [
+  "width",
+  "height",
+  "input_tensor",
+  "input_pixel_format",
+  "input_dtype",
+  "model_type",
+];
+
 /**
  * Sanitize overrides payloads for section-specific quirks.
  */
@@ -360,6 +372,21 @@ export function sanitizeOverridesForSection(
   level: string,
   overrides: unknown,
 ): unknown {
+  // the models list is saved whole
+  if (sectionPath === "models" && Array.isArray(overrides)) {
+    return overrides.map((model) => {
+      if (
+        !isJsonObject(model) ||
+        typeof model.path !== "string" ||
+        !model.path.startsWith("plus://")
+      ) {
+        return model;
+      }
+
+      return omit(model, PLUS_SUPPLIED_MODEL_FIELDS);
+    });
+  }
+
   if (!overrides || !isJsonObject(overrides)) {
     return overrides;
   }

web/src/components/config-form/theme/fields/HardwarePicker.tsx

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ type HardwarePickerProps = {
   // scopes the unit checkbox ids, since several models can list the same unit
   idPrefix: string;
   devices: string[];
-  // device strings already taken by another model, mapped to that model's scene
+  // device strings already taken by another model, mapped to that model's
+  // scene. Only binding for hardware that can't be shared.
   claimedElsewhere: Record<string, string>;
   cameraCount: number;
   disabled?: boolean;
@@ -84,8 +85,11 @@ export function HardwarePicker({
         return;
       }
 
-      // start with the first unit no other model has taken
+      // start with the first unit no other model has taken, falling back to
-      const free = entry.units.find((unit) => !claimedElsewhere[unit.device]);
+      // a taken one when the hardware can be shared
+      const free =
+        entry.units.find((unit) => !claimedElsewhere[unit.device]) ??
+        (entry.unlimited ? entry.units[0] : undefined);
 
       if (!free) {
         onChange([]);
@@ -184,7 +188,9 @@ export function HardwarePicker({
             {t("detectionModels.hardware.unitsDescription")}
           </p>
           {selected.units.map((unit) => {
-            const claimedBy = claimedElsewhere[unit.device];
+            const claimedBy = selected.unlimited
+              ? undefined
+              : claimedElsewhere[unit.device];
 
             return (
               <div

web/src/components/config-form/theme/fields/ModelSourcePicker.tsx

@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ function plusModelId(path: unknown): string | undefined {
 
 type ModelSourcePickerProps = {
   path: unknown;
-  // Frigate+ metadata the backend attaches to a saved model, and the only
+  // Frigate+ metadata the backend attaches to a saved model
-  // reliable signal that one is active: it resolves `plus://<id>` to a local
-  // cache path before serving the config back
   plus?: { id: string } | null;
   // the detector this model runs on, used to filter incompatible Plus models
   detector?: string;

web/src/components/config-form/theme/fields/ModelsField.tsx

@@ -169,20 +169,23 @@ export function ModelsField(props: FieldProps) {
     [savedModels],
   );
 
-  // a model serves the cameras naming its scene, plus every camera that names
+  // a model serves the cameras naming its scene, and like the backend, the
-  // no scene at all when it is the "all" model
+  // "all" model also serves every camera whose scene has no model of its own
   const cameraCountForScene = useCallback(
     (scene: string | undefined): number => {
       if (!cameras) {
         return 0;
       }
 
+      const modelScenes = new Set(models.map((model) => model.scene ?? "all"));
+
       return Object.values(cameras).filter((camera) => {
-        const cameraScene = camera?.detect?.scene;
+        const cameraScene = camera?.detect?.scene ?? "all";
-        return cameraScene ? cameraScene === scene : scene === "all";
+        const servedBy = modelScenes.has(cameraScene) ? cameraScene : "all";
+        return servedBy === (scene ?? "all");
       }).length;
     },
-    [cameras],
+    [cameras, models],
   );
 
   const claimedByOtherModels = useCallback(
@@ -314,7 +317,9 @@ export function ModelsField(props: FieldProps) {
         );
 
         return (
-          <Card key={`${baseId}-${index}`} className="w-full">
+          // keyed by scene, which is unique per model, so deleting a card
+          // doesn't hand its state (such as the model source tab) to the next
+          <Card key={`${baseId}-${model.scene ?? index}`} className="w-full">
             <Collapsible
               open={open}
               onOpenChange={(nextOpen) =>

web/src/components/player/HlsVideoPlayer.tsx

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import { useIsAdmin } from "@/hooks/use-is-admin";
 // Android native hls does not seek correctly
 const USE_NATIVE_HLS = false;
 const HLS_MIME_TYPE = "application/vnd.apple.mpegurl" as const;
+const DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH_S = 10;
 const unsupportedErrorCodes: number[] = [
   MediaError.MEDIA_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED,
   MediaError.MEDIA_ERR_DECODE,
@@ -148,6 +149,42 @@ export default function HlsVideoPlayer({
   // a ref rather than an effect-scoped counter so the element error
   // handler can hold its toast while a recovery is still possible
   const mediaRecoveryBudgetRef = useRef(0);
+  // hls.js and the element can both report one failure, so each source
+  // toasts at most once
+  const failureReportedRef = useRef(false);
+
+  const reportPlaybackFailure = useCallback(
+    (code: number, message: string) => {
+      if (failureReportedRef.current) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      failureReportedRef.current = true;
+      toast.error(t("toast.error.playRecordingsFailed", { code, message }), {
+        position: "top-center",
+      });
+    },
+    [t],
+  );
+  const reportPlaybackFailureRef = useRef(reportPlaybackFailure);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    reportPlaybackFailureRef.current = reportPlaybackFailure;
+  }, [reportPlaybackFailure]);
+
+  // a quality switch changes the buffer length a commit before the new
+  // source arrives, so it updates the live instance instead of rebuilding
+  // it on the outgoing playlist
+  const bufferLengthRef = useRef(bufferLength);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    bufferLengthRef.current = bufferLength;
+
+    if (hlsRef.current) {
+      hlsRef.current.config.maxBufferLength =
+        bufferLength ?? DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH_S;
+    }
+  }, [bufferLength]);
 
   const applyVideoDimensions = useCallback(
     (width: number, height: number) => {
@@ -225,6 +262,7 @@ export default function HlsVideoPlayer({
     // the element already holds a decoded frame, and keeping it visible
     // bridges the gap while the new source loads
     const currentPlaybackRate = videoRef.current.playbackRate;
+    failureReportedRef.current = false;
 
     if (!useHlsCompat) {
       nativeRetryRef.current = 0;
@@ -236,7 +274,7 @@ export default function HlsVideoPlayer({
 
     // Base HLS configuration
     const hlsConfig: Partial<HlsConfig> = {
-      maxBufferLength: bufferLength ?? 10,
+      maxBufferLength: bufferLengthRef.current ?? DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH_S,
       maxBufferSize: 20 * 1000 * 1000,
       startPosition: currentSource.startPosition,
     };
@@ -269,10 +307,18 @@ export default function HlsVideoPlayer({
             data.details ===
               Hls.ErrorDetails.BUFFER_INCOMPATIBLE_CODECS_ERROR ||
             data.details === Hls.ErrorDetails.BUFFER_ADD_CODEC_ERROR;
-          if (isCodecError && qualitySignalsRef.current.onFatalCodecError?.()) {
+          if (isCodecError) {
+            // with no stream to fall back to, the element may never raise
+            // an error of its own, so report the failure here
+            if (!qualitySignalsRef.current.onFatalCodecError?.()) {
+              reportPlaybackFailureRef.current(
+                MediaError.MEDIA_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                data.details,
+              );
+            }
             return;
           }
-          if (!isCodecError && mediaRecoveryBudgetRef.current > 0) {
+          if (mediaRecoveryBudgetRef.current > 0) {
             mediaRecoveryBudgetRef.current -= 1;
             hls.recoverMediaError();
           }
@@ -308,7 +354,7 @@ export default function HlsVideoPlayer({
         hlsRef.current.destroy();
       }
     };
-  }, [videoRef, hlsRef, useHlsCompat, currentSource, bufferLength]);
+  }, [videoRef, hlsRef, useHlsCompat, currentSource]);
 
   // state handling
 
@@ -714,15 +760,7 @@ export default function HlsVideoPlayer({
                 }
               }
 
-              toast.error(
+              reportPlaybackFailure(mediaError.code, mediaError.message);
-                t("toast.error.playRecordingsFailed", {
-                  code: mediaError.code,
-                  message: mediaError.message,
-                }),
-                {
-                  position: "top-center",
-                },
-              );
             }}
           />
         </div>

web/src/components/player/dynamic/AutoQualityGovernor.ts

@@ -340,8 +340,11 @@ export class AutoQualityGovernor {
   private triggerDownswitch(reason: DownswitchReason): boolean {
     const handled = this.requestDownswitch(reason);
     if (handled) {
-      // the low stream starts with a clean record
+      // the low stream starts with a clean record, and the probe lets a
+      // recovered connection (or a wrong downswitch) return to full
+      // quality mid-chunk rather than at the next boundary
       this.resetStallHistory();
+      this.armUpswitchProbe();
     }
     return handled;
   }

web/src/components/player/dynamic/DynamicVideoPlayer.tsx

@@ -484,9 +484,6 @@ export default function DynamicVideoPlayer({
       }
       setAutoLowQuality(true);
       setAutoLowReason(reason === "codec" ? "codec" : "bandwidth");
-      // so a recovered connection (or a wrong downswitch) returns to
-      // full quality mid-chunk rather than at the next boundary
-      governor.armUpswitchProbe();
       return true;
     };
     tryUpswitchRef.current = () => {
@@ -495,7 +492,7 @@ export default function DynamicVideoPlayer({
         setAutoLowReason(undefined);
       }
     };
-  }, [resolvedQuality, subAvailable, governor]);
+  }, [resolvedQuality, subAvailable]);
 
   // persisted across sessions so a device on a known-slow connection
   // starts low instead of paying the first stall to find out
@@ -616,7 +613,19 @@ export default function DynamicVideoPlayer({
     governor.sourceLoadStarted();
   }, [source, isScrubbing, governor]);
 
+  const lastChunkRef = useRef(timeRange);
   useEffect(() => {
+    // the seed effect picks the starting quality, so only a later chunk
+    // boundary reconsiders it
+    const lastChunk = lastChunkRef.current;
+    lastChunkRef.current = timeRange;
+    if (
+      lastChunk.after === timeRange.after &&
+      lastChunk.before === timeRange.before
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     // a chunk boundary is where full quality may be retried, and a
     // natural point to persist what the governor has learned
     setAutoLowQuality((prev) => prev && !governor.shouldRetryMain());

web/src/hooks/use-webrtc-availability.ts

@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ export function evaluateStreamWebRTCAvailability(args: {
 /** Console detail for a reason decided by the global availability check. */
 function describeGlobalReason(
   reason: WebRTCUnavailableReason,
-  testStream: string | undefined,
   probeDetail: string | undefined,
 ): string {
   switch (reason) {
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ function describeGlobalReason(
     case "not-configured":
       return "No candidates or ice_servers are set under go2rtc.webrtc.";
     case "unreachable":
-      return `The connectivity probe against stream '${testStream}' failed: ${probeDetail ?? "unknown cause"}.`;
+      return `The connectivity probe failed against ${probeDetail ?? "an unknown stream"}.`;
     default:
       return "";
   }
@@ -98,9 +97,13 @@ function describeGlobalReason(
 let lastProbeSignature: string | null = null;
 
 /**
- * Once-per-session: browser support, go2rtc config, and a live handshake probe.
+ * Browser support, go2rtc config, and a live handshake probe shared by the
+ * page. A failed probe is retried on a later mount or when the page becomes
+ * visible again once its cached result has expired.
  */
-export function useWebRTCGloballyAvailable(): GlobalAvailability {
+export function useWebRTCGloballyAvailable(
+  preferredStream?: string,
+): GlobalAvailability {
   const { data: config } = useSWR<FrigateConfig>("config");
   const [probe, setProbe] = useState<{
     state: "pending" | "pass" | "fail";
@@ -118,11 +121,19 @@ export function useWebRTCGloballyAvailable(): GlobalAvailability {
     );
   }, [config]);
 
-  // Representative restreamed stream to probe against.
+  // the stream being viewed is the one most likely to be online
-  const testStream = useMemo(() => {
+  const testStreams = useMemo(() => {
-    const streams = config?.go2rtc?.streams ?? {};
+    const streams = Object.keys(config?.go2rtc?.streams ?? {});
-    return Object.keys(streams)[0];
+
-  }, [config]);
+    if (!preferredStream || !streams.includes(preferredStream)) {
+      return streams;
+    }
+
+    return [preferredStream, ...streams.filter((s) => s !== preferredStream)];
+  }, [config, preferredStream]);
+  const testStreamsKey = testStreams.join("\n");
+
+  const [retryToken, setRetryToken] = useState(0);
 
   const iceServers = useMemo(
     () => webRTCIceServers(config?.go2rtc?.webrtc?.ice_servers),
@@ -136,9 +147,9 @@ export function useWebRTCGloballyAvailable(): GlobalAvailability {
       JSON.stringify({
         candidates: config?.go2rtc?.webrtc?.candidates ?? [],
         iceServers,
-        testStream,
+        streams: Object.keys(config?.go2rtc?.streams ?? {}),
       }),
-    [config, iceServers, testStream],
+    [config, iceServers],
   );
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -153,11 +164,29 @@ export function useWebRTCGloballyAvailable(): GlobalAvailability {
   }, [probeSignature]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (!browserOk || !configured || !testStream) {
+    if (probe.state !== "fail") {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const onVisibilityChange = () => {
+      if (document.visibilityState === "visible") {
+        setRetryToken((token) => token + 1);
+      }
+    };
+
+    document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", onVisibilityChange);
+    return () =>
+      document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", onVisibilityChange);
+  }, [probe.state]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const streams = testStreamsKey ? testStreamsKey.split("\n") : [];
+
+    if (!browserOk || !configured || streams.length === 0) {
       return;
     }
     let cancelled = false;
-    probeWebRTCAvailability(testStream, iceServers).then((result) => {
+    probeWebRTCAvailability(streams, iceServers).then((result) => {
       if (!cancelled) {
         setProbe({
           state: result.ok ? "pass" : "fail",
@@ -168,7 +197,7 @@ export function useWebRTCGloballyAvailable(): GlobalAvailability {
     return () => {
       cancelled = true;
     };
-  }, [browserOk, configured, testStream, iceServers]);
+  }, [browserOk, configured, testStreamsKey, iceServers, retryToken]);
 
   const availability = useMemo<GlobalAvailability>(() => {
     if (!browserOk) {
@@ -196,9 +225,9 @@ export function useWebRTCGloballyAvailable(): GlobalAvailability {
     logWebRTCUnavailable(
       undefined,
       reason,
-      describeGlobalReason(reason, testStream, probe.detail),
+      describeGlobalReason(reason, probe.detail),
     );
-  }, [config, availability, testStream, probe.detail]);
+  }, [config, availability, probe.detail]);
 
   return availability;
 }
@@ -208,7 +237,8 @@ export function useWebRTCAvailableForStream(
   metadata: LiveStreamMetadata | null | undefined,
   streamName?: string,
 ): StreamAvailability {
-  const { globallyAvailable, globalReason } = useWebRTCGloballyAvailable();
+  const { globallyAvailable, globalReason } =
+    useWebRTCGloballyAvailable(streamName);
 
   const availability = useMemo(
     () =>

web/src/utils/webrtcProbe.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,29 @@
 import { baseUrl } from "@/api/baseUrl";
 
 /**
- * Performs a single real WebRTC handshake against go2rtc to verify that a
+ * Performs a real WebRTC handshake against go2rtc to verify that a media
- * media connection can actually be established (validates candidates, port
+ * connection can actually be established (validates candidates, port 8555
- * 8555 reachability, and STUN/TURN end-to-end). Result is cached per page
+ * reachability, and STUN/TURN end-to-end). A success is cached for the page
- * session via a module-level promise.
+ * session, a failure only for PROBE_FAILURE_TTL_MS.
  */
 
 export type WebRTCProbeResult = {
   ok: boolean;
   detail?: string;
+  // go2rtc could not open the stream's source, which says nothing about
+  // whether WebRTC itself can connect
+  streamError?: boolean;
 };
 
-let probePromise: Promise<WebRTCProbeResult> | null = null;
+const PROBE_FAILURE_TTL_MS = 30_000;
+
+// streams tried per probe when go2rtc refuses the earlier ones
+const MAX_PROBE_STREAMS = 3;
+
+let cachedProbe: {
+  promise: Promise<WebRTCProbeResult>;
+  failedAt?: number;
+} | null = null;
 
 function describeError(err: unknown): string {
   return err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
@@ -118,23 +129,67 @@ function runProbe(
         pc.setRemoteDescription({ type: "answer", sdp: msg.value }).catch(
           (err) => fail(`remote answer rejected: ${describeError(err)}`),
         );
+      } else if (msg.type === "error") {
+        cleanup({ ok: false, streamError: true, detail: msg.value });
       }
     });
   });
 }
 
+async function runProbes(
+  testStreams: string[],
+  iceServers: RTCIceServer[],
+  timeoutMs: number,
+): Promise<WebRTCProbeResult> {
+  let result: WebRTCProbeResult = { ok: false, detail: "no stream to probe" };
+
+  for (const stream of testStreams.slice(0, MAX_PROBE_STREAMS)) {
+    result = await runProbe(stream, iceServers, timeoutMs);
+
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      result.detail = `stream '${stream}': ${result.detail}`;
+    }
+
+    if (!result.streamError) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/** Probes the streams in order, moving on only when go2rtc refuses one. */
 export function probeWebRTCAvailability(
-  testStream: string,
+  testStreams: string[],
   iceServers: RTCIceServer[],
   timeoutMs: number = 5000,
 ): Promise<WebRTCProbeResult> {
-  if (!probePromise) {
+  if (
-    probePromise = runProbe(testStream, iceServers, timeoutMs);
+    cachedProbe &&
+    (cachedProbe.failedAt === undefined ||
+      Date.now() - cachedProbe.failedAt < PROBE_FAILURE_TTL_MS)
+  ) {
+    return cachedProbe.promise;
   }
-  return probePromise;
+
+  const entry: NonNullable<typeof cachedProbe> = {
+    promise: runProbes(testStreams, iceServers, timeoutMs)
+      .catch((err): WebRTCProbeResult => ({
+        ok: false,
+        detail: describeError(err),
+      }))
+      .then((result) => {
+        if (!result.ok) {
+          entry.failedAt = Date.now();
+        }
+        return result;
+      }),
+  };
+  cachedProbe = entry;
+  return entry.promise;
 }
 
 /** Clears the cached probe result (e.g. when go2rtc config changes). */
 export function resetWebRTCProbe(): void {
-  probePromise = null;
+  cachedProbe = null;
 }

web/src/views/live/LiveCameraView.tsx

@@ -27,10 +27,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/components/ui/popover";
 import { useResizeObserver } from "@/hooks/resize-observer";
 import useKeyboardListener from "@/hooks/use-keyboard-listener";
-import {
+import { useWebRTCAvailableForStream } from "@/hooks/use-webrtc-availability";
-  useWebRTCAvailableForStream,
-  useWebRTCGloballyAvailable,
-} from "@/hooks/use-webrtc-availability";
 import { CameraConfig, FrigateConfig } from "@/types/frigateConfig";
 import {
   LivePlayerError,
@@ -219,15 +216,16 @@ export default function LiveCameraView({
   );
   const isWebRTCAvailable = webRTCAvailability.available;
 
-  // Two-way talk is the sendonly backchannel: global, not per-stream.
-  const { globallyAvailable: webRTCGloballyAvailable } =
-    useWebRTCGloballyAvailable();
-
   // "checking" means the probe has not answered yet, and it re-enters that on
   // every mount, so treating it as unavailable downgrades the saved choice.
   const webRTCVerdictPending = webRTCAvailability.reason === "checking";
   const webRTCUsable = isWebRTCAvailable || webRTCVerdictPending;
 
+  // Two-way talk is a sendonly backchannel, so playback audio that WebRTC
+  // can't carry doesn't rule it out, but the stream's video must connect
+  const talkAvailable =
+    isWebRTCAvailable || webRTCAvailability.reason === "audio-codec";
+
   // Resolves the saved preference without overwriting it. Transient error
   // fallbacks layer on top in preferredLiveMode.
   const resolvedUserMode = useMemo<LivePlayerMode>(() => {
@@ -398,6 +396,14 @@ export default function LiveCameraView({
 
   const [audio, setAudio] = useSessionPersistence("liveAudio", false);
   const [mic, setMic] = useState(false);
+
+  // the mic only connects through the WebRTC player, so it can't stay on
+  // for a stream that has lost it
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!talkAvailable) {
+      setMic(false);
+    }
+  }, [talkAvailable]);
   const [webRTC, setWebRTC] = useState(false);
   const [pip, setPip] = useState(false);
   const [lowBandwidth, setLowBandwidth] = useState(false);
@@ -424,7 +430,7 @@ export default function LiveCameraView({
   });
 
   const preferredLiveMode = useMemo(() => {
-    if (mic && isWebRTCAvailable) {
+    if (mic && talkAvailable) {
       return "webrtc";
     }
 
@@ -456,6 +462,7 @@ export default function LiveCameraView({
     lowBandwidth,
     forceLowBandwidth,
     mic,
+    talkAvailable,
     webRTC,
     isRestreamed,
     resolvedUserMode,
@@ -489,7 +496,7 @@ export default function LiveCameraView({
         }
         break;
       case "t":
-        if (supports2WayTalk) {
+        if (supports2WayTalk && talkAvailable) {
           setMic(!mic);
           return true;
         }
@@ -737,11 +744,15 @@ export default function LiveCameraView({
                 Icon={mic ? FaMicrophone : FaMicrophoneSlash}
                 isActive={mic}
                 title={
-                  !webRTCGloballyAvailable
+                  webRTCVerdictPending
-                    ? t("twoWayTalk.requiresWebRTC", { ns: "views/live" })
+                    ? t("stream.technology.unavailable.checking", {
-                    : mic
+                        ns: "views/live",
-                      ? t("twoWayTalk.disable", { ns: "views/live" })
+                      })
-                      : t("twoWayTalk.enable", { ns: "views/live" })
+                    : !talkAvailable
+                      ? t("twoWayTalk.requiresWebRTC", { ns: "views/live" })
+                      : mic
+                        ? t("twoWayTalk.disable", { ns: "views/live" })
+                        : t("twoWayTalk.enable", { ns: "views/live" })
                 }
                 onClick={() => {
                   setMic(!mic);
@@ -749,7 +760,7 @@ export default function LiveCameraView({
                     setAudio(true);
                   }
                 }}
-                disabled={!cameraEnabled || debug || !webRTCGloballyAvailable}
+                disabled={!cameraEnabled || debug || !talkAvailable}
               />
             )}
             {supportsAudioOutput && preferredLiveMode != "jsmpeg" && (