Increase ruff coverage (#23644)

* Pin ruff

* Add python upgrade fixes

This enables python upgrade checks in ruff to look for deprecated types and patterns. This namely fixes:
- usage of deprecated `Typing` which is now built in
- some specific exceptions which are caught and have new aliases

Some specific UP checks were also ignored as they are stylistic / unimportant and likely to cause bugs

* Remove async blocking calls

Use asyncio.to_thread on two remaining blocking calls to fix hanging event thread loop. Enable this specific rule to block it in the future.

* Use proper logging mechanism

* Correctly format logs

* Raise with context

When raising an exception include the from context to improve debugging

* Cleanup

frigate/api/export.py

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import string
 import time
 import zipfile
 from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Iterator, List, Optional
 
 import psutil
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query, Request
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def _generate_export_id(camera_name: str) -> str:
 
 def _create_export_case_record(
     name: str,
-    description: Optional[str],
+    description: str | None,
 ) -> ExportCase:
     now = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())
     return ExportCase.create(
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def _create_export_case_record(
     )
 
 
-def _validate_camera_name(request: Request, camera_name: str) -> Optional[JSONResponse]:
+def _validate_camera_name(request: Request, camera_name: str) -> JSONResponse | None:
     if camera_name and request.app.frigate_config.cameras.get(camera_name):
         return None
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def _validate_camera_name(request: Request, camera_name: str) -> Optional[JSONRe
     )
 
 
-def _validate_export_case(export_case_id: Optional[str]) -> Optional[JSONResponse]:
+def _validate_export_case(export_case_id: str | None) -> JSONResponse | None:
     if export_case_id is None:
         return None
 
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ def _validate_export_case(export_case_id: Optional[str]) -> Optional[JSONRespons
 
 
 def _sanitize_existing_image(
-    image_path: Optional[str],
-) -> tuple[Optional[str], Optional[JSONResponse]]:
+    image_path: str | None,
+) -> tuple[str | None, JSONResponse | None]:
     # sanitize_filepath normalizes "\" to "/" but leaves ".." intact, so a path
     # like "clips\..\..\etc/passwd" passes the CLIPS_DIR prefix check yet still
     # escapes the directory once resolved. A valid snapshot path never uses "..".
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ def _validate_export_source(
     start_time: float,
     end_time: float,
     playback_source: PlaybackSourceEnum,
-) -> Optional[str]:
+) -> str | None:
     if playback_source == PlaybackSourceEnum.recordings:
         recordings_count = (
             Recordings.select()
@@ -257,14 +257,14 @@ def _build_export_job(
     camera_name: str,
     start_time: float,
     end_time: float,
-    friendly_name: Optional[str],
-    existing_image: Optional[str],
+    friendly_name: str | None,
+    existing_image: str | None,
     playback_source: PlaybackSourceEnum,
-    export_case_id: Optional[str],
-    ffmpeg_input_args: Optional[str] = None,
-    ffmpeg_output_args: Optional[str] = None,
+    export_case_id: str | None,
+    ffmpeg_input_args: str | None = None,
+    ffmpeg_output_args: str | None = None,
     cpu_fallback: bool = False,
-    chapters: Optional[ChaptersEnum] = None,
+    chapters: ChaptersEnum | None = None,
 ) -> ExportJob:
     return ExportJob(
         id=_generate_export_id(camera_name),
@@ -302,11 +302,11 @@ def _export_case_to_dict(case: ExportCase) -> dict[str, object]:
     Returns a list of exports ordered by date (most recent first).""",
 )
 def get_exports(
-    allowed_cameras: List[str] = Depends(get_allowed_cameras_for_filter),
-    export_case_id: Optional[str] = None,
-    cameras: Optional[str] = Query(default="all"),
-    start_date: Optional[float] = None,
-    end_date: Optional[float] = None,
+    allowed_cameras: list[str] = Depends(get_allowed_cameras_for_filter),
+    export_case_id: str | None = None,
+    cameras: str | None = Query(default="all"),
+    start_date: float | None = None,
+    end_date: float | None = None,
 ):
     query = Export.select().where(Export.camera << allowed_cameras)
 
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ def _unique_archive_name(export: Export, used: set[str]) -> str:
     return candidate
 
 
-def _stream_case_archive(exports: List[Export]) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+def _stream_case_archive(exports: list[Export]) -> Iterator[bytes]:
     """Yield bytes of a zip archive built from the given exports' mp4 files."""
     buffer = _StreamingZipBuffer()
     used_names: set[str] = set()
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ def _stream_case_archive(exports: List[Export]) -> Iterator[bytes]:
 )
 def download_export_case(
     case_id: str,
-    allowed_cameras: List[str] = Depends(get_allowed_cameras_for_filter),
+    allowed_cameras: list[str] = Depends(get_allowed_cameras_for_filter),
 ):
     try:
         case = ExportCase.get(ExportCase.id == case_id)
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ def delete_export_case(case_id: str, request: Request, delete_exports: bool = Fa
 )
 def get_active_export_jobs(
     request: Request,
-    allowed_cameras: List[str] = Depends(get_allowed_cameras_for_filter),
+    allowed_cameras: list[str] = Depends(get_allowed_cameras_for_filter),
 ):
     jobs = list_active_export_jobs(request.app.frigate_config)
     return JSONResponse(
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ async def get_export_job_status(export_id: str, request: Request):
 def export_recordings_batch(
     request: Request,
     body: BatchExportBody,
-    allowed_cameras: List[str] = Depends(get_allowed_cameras_for_filter),
+    allowed_cameras: list[str] = Depends(get_allowed_cameras_for_filter),
     current_user: dict = Depends(get_current_user),
 ):
     if isinstance(current_user, JSONResponse):
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ def export_recordings_batch(
 
     # Sanitize each item's image_path up front. A bad path in any item
     # kills the whole request, consistent with single-export behavior.
-    sanitized_images: list[Optional[str]] = []
+    sanitized_images: list[str | None] = []
     for item in body.items:
         existing_image, image_validation_error = _sanitize_existing_image(
             item.image_path
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ def export_recordings_batch(
         export_case_id = export_case.id
 
     export_ids: list[str] = []
-    results: list[dict[str, Optional[str] | bool | int]] = []
+    results: list[dict[str, str | None | bool | int]] = []
     for index, item in enumerate(body.items):
         if index in item_errors:
             results.append(